Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics Using Dalbergia sissoo Wood Waste Extract and Bio-Mordants for Multifunctional Performance

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Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Textile Engineering, Uttara University, P.O. Box: 1230, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

2 Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, P.O. Box: 1707,Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract

Considering increasing environmental awareness, research has shifted towards the development of eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes. This study analyzes the potential of Dalbergia sissoo wood waste, a natural dye source containing neoflavonoids, for use in 100% cotton fabric. The dye was applied using bio-mordants at 90 °C for 60 minutes without using other auxiliaries. The color strength (K/S) results showed that the dyed cotton fabric without any mordant provided a moderate K/S value of 1.5. However, the involvement of amla as a bio-mordant considerably increased the color intensity, resulting in a higher K/S value of 3.2. FTIR analysis confirms the intermolecular interactions between cotton fibers and dye molecules. The colored fabrics provided satisfactory fastness properties. The undyed fabric and without mordant dyed fabric displayed high moisture management ability (OMMC 0.8563 and 0.8657, respectively), while dyed fabrics mordanted with aloe vera, tamarind, myrobalan, and amla showed lower performance due to pore blockage by bio-mordant residues. The dyed fabric exhibited functional properties, including improved ultraviolet protection, and achieved bacterial reduction 52.4% in bacterial count compared to the undyed samples. Overall, the outcomes recommend that Dalbergia sissoo wood waste extract can be an effective natural dye for cotton fabric. Moreover, this approach offers an auxiliary-free dyeing process that aligns with eco-friendly textile practices and reduces the environmental footprint of conventional textile dyeing.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 June 2026

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