A Ratiometric Naphthalimide-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor via Excimer-Monomer Switching for the Sensitive Detection of Copper (II) Ions

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A newly designed diaza-18-crown-6 ether featuring two fluorogenic 1,8-naphthalimide side arms has been developed. This synthesised fluorescent dye (BNDA) exhibits dual OFF-ON / ON-OFF response, resulting in switching between monomer and excimer emissions in the presence of copper ions.Upon binding with Cu2+, BNDA shows a dual response with fluorescence quenching of the excimer and enhancement of the monomer emission bands. The results indicate that BNDA transitions between excimer and monomer states in response to varying copper ion concentrations. The binding behaviour of BNDA with Cu2+ was thoroughly investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, demonstrating selective and sensitive interactions. This probe exhibits exceptional selectivity for copper ions, with a notably low detection limit of 29 nM. It shows a wide linear range of 2.9×10-4 – 4 µM response. To verify practical applicability, BNDA was applied to the analysis of copper ions in authentic environmental samples. Its good reversibility, stable response, and wide pH range, along with a strong linear range, make it a promising candidate for the sensitive detection of Cu2+.

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Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 09 March 2026

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