Simultaneous Dyeing and Functional Finishing of Linen Fabric with Cinnamon Bark Extract Using Chitosan as a Mordant

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Deptartment of Textile and Fibre Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, P.O. Box: 110016, New Delhi, India.

Abstract

The resurgence of environmentally friendly products, such as natural dyes, is inevitable in the textile industry. Significant advantages can be achieved through combined dyeing and multifunctional finishing with natural dyes. In this study, linen fabric was dyed with aqueous cinnamon bark extract (CBE), using chitosan as an eco-friendly mordant. Initially, linen fabric was treated with chitosan solution using the pad-dry-cure method, and this chitosan-mordanted fabric was dyed using the exhaust method at different levels % on the weight of fabric (% o.w.f.). After dyeing, colour and functional properties of the dyed linen, including colour strength, fastness properties, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, UV protection, and mosquito repellency, were evaluated. The dyed linen with superior properties in terms of wash fastness (4-5), mosquito repellency (>90 %), good UV protection (UPF up to 25), antibacterial activity against E. Coli (upto 92.5 %) and moderate antioxidant activity (upto 66 %) was obtained. Additionally, treated linen fabrics showed good light fastness (3-4). Cinnamon bark extract (CBE) containing cinnamaldehyde and other phenolic compounds was confirmed as a dye and finish for linen fabric. The interaction between cinnamon biomolecules and chitosan was confirmed using UV-Visible spectroscopy and other analytical techniques. The structure-property relationship of dyed linen responsible for colouration and functional properties, were discussed.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Grefrath C, Wagner D, Stermann S. Products and services in a sustainable world, in: Liyanage J., Uusitalo T. (eds.), Value networks in manufacturing: sustain-nability and performance excellence, Springer Ser. Adv. Manuf., Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017; 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27799-8_5.
  2. Jaiman V, Nama S, Pandey H, Bhoot N, Awasthi G. Analysis of physicochemical characteristics of textile and printing industrial effluents and their influence on vegetation near industrial drain areas in Sanganer, Jaipur (Rajasthan), In:Awasthi KK, Awasthi G, Sankhla MS., editors., Mater. Today: Proc., 2nd National Conference on Environmental Toxicology: Impact on Human Health; 2022;25-26; Jaipur, India: Vivekananda Global University. 2023;34-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. matpr. 2023.06.381.
  3. Shakoor S, Khan MS, Islam SE. Nanocomposites for the treatment of textile effluents, In: Khan ME., Aslam J., Verma C. (eds.), Nanocomposites-Advanced Mater. Energy Environ. Asp., Woodhead Publishing.; 2023, 449-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99704-1.00003-5.
  4. Pervez MN, Mondal MI, Cai Y, Zhao Y, Naddeo V. Textile waste management and environmental concerns, In: MondalMI. (ed.), Fundam. Nat. Fibres Text., Woodhead Publishing, 2021; 719-739. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/B978-0-12-821483-1.00002-4.
  5. Li M, Chai J, Liu Y, Cao G, Wang Y, Ji H,et al. Coloration of cotton fibers with natural plant dyes using an overlay dyeing method, Ind. Crops Prod. 2024; 212: 118284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024. 118284.
  6. Wang L, Zhu Q, Yu H, Xie G, Yu Z. Agricultural crops of Sarsaparilla root as source of natural dye for inkjet printing and bio-functional finishing of cotton fabric, Ind Crops Prod. 2022; 187:115490. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.indcrop.2022.115490.
  7. Pizzicato B, Pacifico S, Cayuela D, Mijas G, Riba-Moliner M. Advancements in sustainable natural dyes for textile applications: a review, Molecules. 2023; 28:5954. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28165954.
  8. Vankar PS. Structure-mordant interaction, replacement by biomordants and enzymes, In: P. S. Vankar (ed), Natural Dyes for Textiles Soruces, Chemistry and Applications,Woodhead Pub., 2017;89-102. https://doi. org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101274-1.00003-3.
  9. Li F, Zhong Z, Gu C, Shen C, Ma C, Liu Y,et al. Metals pollution from textile production wastewater in Chinese southeastern coastal area: occurrence, source identification, and associated risk assessment, Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2021; 28:38689-97. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11356-021-13488-3.
  10.                 Thakker AM, Sun D. Sustainable application of novel herbs on cotton fabrics as biomordants and colourants, Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2022; 29:47598-616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18818-7.
  11. Ansari TN, Iqbal S, Antibacterial efficiency of naturally occurring dyes and mordants, Proc Indian Nat Sci Acad. 2021;87:408-19. https://doi.org/10. 1007/ s43538-021-00025-6.
  12. Khanmirzaee S, Montazer M, Pashaee A. Dyeing of cotton fabric with antibacterial properties using direct dye and CTAB, J Nat Fibers 2020; 17:223-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2018.1479994.
  13. [13]         Teli MD, Chavan PP. Dyeing of cotton fabric for improved mosquito repellency, J Text Inst. 2017;109: 427-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2017.13510 66.
  14. Singh A, Sheikh J. Development of multifunctional polyester using disperse dyes based through a combination of mosquito repellents, J Mol Struct. 2021; 1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021. 129988.
  15. Singh A, Sheikh J. Development of mosquito repellent, antibacterial, antioxidant and UV protective cotton using a novel method of azoic dyeing with Terminalia Chebula, J Nat Fibers. 2022; 19:9642-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1990181.
  16. Wang M, Zheng S, Fang K, Zhao Z, Shu D, Xie R, et al. Green fabrication of inkjet printed antibacterial wool fabric with natural Gardenia Yellow dye, Ind Crops Prod. 2023; 206:117700. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j. indcrop.2023.117700.
  17. Jia M, Wang C. Direct dyeing of wool fabric with Cinnamon Bark extract, Wool Text J. 2017; 45:20-4. https://doi.org/10.19333/j.mfkj.2016050110305.
  18. Tehrani M, Navayee T, Suitability of dyes from cinnamon bark on wool fibers using metal and bio-mordants, Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2024; 31:31414-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33381-z.
  19. Yaseen OK, Mohammed MT, Analytics detection of phytochemical compounds in cinnamomum zeylanicum bark, Egypt. J Chem. 2023; 66:265-73. https://doi. org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2022.146416.6366.
  20. Iqbal K, Afzal H, Siddiqui MOR, Bashir U, Jan K, Abbas A, et al. Dyeing of wool fabric with natural dye extracted from Dalbergia Sissoo using natural mordants, Sustain. Chem. Pharm. 2023; 33:101094. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scp.2023.101094.
  21. Adeel S, Habib N, Arif S, Rehman F, Azeem M, Batool F, et al. Microwave-assisted eco-dyeing of bio mordanted silk fabric using cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum Verum) based yellow natural dye, Sustain. Chem Pharm. 2020; 17:100306. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scp.2020.100306.
  22. Shahidi S, Khoshechin E, Sharifi SD, Mongkhol-rattanasit R Investigation of the effect of various natural dyes on UV protection properties and antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics, J Nat Fibers. 2022; 19:7213-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1944433.
  23. Kusstianti N, Wilujeng BY, Megasari DS. The effects of Cinnamon and Clove powder compositions on hair coloring. In: Striełkowski W, Black JM, Butterfield SA, Chang CC, Cheng J, Dumanig FP, et al. editors. Adv Soc Sci. Edu. and Humanities Res. (ASSEHR), Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Social, Applied Science and Technology in Home Economics (ICONHOMECS); 2017 Sept 12; Surabaya, Indonesia: Universitas Negeri Surabaya, 2017;112:172 -5. https://doi.org/10.2991/iconhomecs-17. 2018.41.
  24. Elnaggar EM, Abusaif MS, Abdel-Baky YM, Ragab A, Omer AM, Ibrahim I, et al. Insight into divergent chemical modifications of chitosan biopolymer: review, Int. J Biol Macromol 2024;277:134347. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134347.
  25.                 Sivashankari PR, Prabaharan M. Deacetylation modi-fication techniques of chitin and chitosan, In: Jennings JA, Bumgardner JD. (eds.) Chitosan based biomaterials Volume 1, Woodhead Publishing; 2017. 117-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100230-8.00005-4.
  26. Anil S, Pandarathodiyil AK, Venkatesan J. Chitosan-based bionanocomposites in dental applications, In: Ahmed S, Annu. (eds.), Bionanocomposites Tissue Eng. Regen Med. Woodhead Publishing; 2021; 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821280-6. 00005-2.
  27. Jain A, Gulbake A, Shilpi S, Jain A, Hurkat P, Jain SK. A New horizon in modifications of chitosan: syntheses and applications, Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2013; 30:91. https://doi.org/10.1615/ CritRevTherDrugCarrier Syst.2013005678.
  28. Ferrero F, Periolatto M, Chitosan coating on textile fibers for functional properties, In: Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Kessler MR.(eds.), Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials, Wiley. 2017. https://doi.org/10. 1002/9781119441632.ch69.
  29. Mansour R, Ali HB, Exploring chitosan as an ecofriendly agent to improve sustainable dyeing properties of cotton fabric dyed with (Opuntia Ficus-Indica L) fruit peel and Its UV protection activity, J Nat Fibers. 2023; 20:17-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15440478.2022.2134263.
  30. Conde A, Borges S, Baptista-Silva S, Veloso T, Pereira JL, Ventura SPM, et al., A crayfish chitosan-based bioactive film to treat vaginal infections: A sustainable approach, Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;277: 134460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.1344 60.
  31. Do KL, Mushtaq A, Ahsan T, Yousaf M, Zhao F, Su M. Flavonoid-based yellow dye extract from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) combined with chitosan for anti-bacterial and ultraviolet-protective functiona-lisation of silk, Color Technol. 2024; 140:900-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12750.
  32. Teli MD, Sheikh J, Shastrakar P. Exploratory investi-gation of chitosan as mordant for eco-friendly antibacterial printing of cotton with natural dyes, J Text. 2013; 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/320510.
  33. Singh A, Sheikh J. Preparation of mosquito repellent, antibacterial and UV protective cotton using a Novel, Chitosan-based polymeric dye, Carbohydr Polym. 2022; 290:119466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119 466.
  34. Hong KH. Preparation and properties of cotton fabrics dyed by Aronia (Aronia Melanocarpa) extract and chitosan, Fash Text. 2023;10:16. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s40691-023-00334-y.
  35. Saha B, Saha A, Das P, Kakati A, Banerjee A, Chattopadhyay P. A comprehensive review of ultra-violet radiation and functionally modified textile fabric with special emphasis on UV protection, Heliyon. 2024;10:e40027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. heliyon.2024. e40027.
  36. Ketema A, Worku A. Antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric using stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) plant leaf extract, J Chem. 2020;4049273:10. https://doi.org/10. 1155/2020/4049273.
  37. International Organization for Standardization. ISO 105-C06:2010. Textiles-Tests for colour fastness- Part C06: Colour fastness to domestic and commercial laundering. Geneva: ISO; 2010
  38. American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. AATCC TM100-2015. Antibacterial Finishes on Textile Materials: Assessment of.Research Triangle Park (NC): AATCC; 2015
  39. AS/NZS, Sun Protective Clothing-Evaluation and Classification, 1996, p. 4399
  40. Cunha RA, Soares TA, Rusu VH, Pontes FJS, Franca EF, Lins RD, The Molecular Structure and Conformational Dynamics of Chitosan Polymers: An Integrated Perspective from Experiments and Compu-tational Simulations, In:Karunaratne DN, (ed.), The Complex World of Polysaccharides, IntechOpen. 2012; Ch. 9. https://doi.org/10.5772/ 51803.
  41. Guo Z, Xing R, Liu S, Zhong Z, Ji X, Wang L, et al. Antifungal properties of Schiff bases of chitosan, N-substituted chitosan and quaternized chitosan, Carbohydr Res. 2007;342:1329-32. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.carres.2007.04.006.
  42. Hadi AG, Saddam NS, Ahmed DS, Yousif E. Extraction and characterization of Chitosan gained from Oyster and Fish shells and evaluation its application as antioxidant, AIP Conference Proceedings.3rd International Scientific Conference Of Alkafeel University (ISCKU); 2021 March 22–23; Najaf, Iraq: Alkafeel University;2022; 2386:030016. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0066847.
  43. Chen X, Liu P, Luo X, Huang A, Wang G. Study on the antibacterial activity and mechanism of Cinnamal-dehyde against Methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus, Eur Food Res Technol. 2024; 250: 1069-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-023-04446-z.
  44. Li J, Zhuang S. Antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives and their interaction mechanism with bacteria: Current state and perspectives, Eur Polym J. 2020; 138:109984.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj. 2020.109984.
  45. Toprak-Cavdur T, Uysal S, Gisbert-Paya J. Dyeing recycled cotton fibers using Curcuma Longa and Pterocarpus Santalinus natural dyes and bio-mordant chitosan, J Nat Fibers. 2022; 19:13736-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2105469.
  46. Shao Y, Shen X, Lu L, He G, Guo J, Li J, et al. Cleaner, shorter process binder-free pad-cure dyeing of cotton fabrics using cationic fluorosilicone-modified polymer/ pigment hybrid latexes, Ind Crops Prod. 2024; 221: 119368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. indcrop. 2024.119368.
  47. Soroh A, Owen L, Rahim N, Masania J, Abioye A, Qutachi O, et al. Microemulsification of essential oils for the development of antimicrobial and mosquito repellent functional coatings for textiles, J Appl Microbiol. 2021; 131:2808-20. https://doi.org/10. 1111/ jam.15157.
  48. Singh A, Sheikh J. Valorization of henna and catechu natural dye in preparation of mosquito-repellent multifunctional cotton, Fibers Polym. 2024; 25:211-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00425-z.
  49. Vohra S, Chawla S, Shaiwale N, Sheikh J. Chitosan-based polymeric dye for in-situ multifunctional dyeing of cotton fabric, Cellulose. 2025; 32:3421-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06430-0.
  50. Sharma N, Srivastava S, Singh A, Sheikh J. Novel route for dyeing of cotton with turmeric for imparting mosquito repellent and UV protection properties, Prog Color Color Coat. 2024; 17:289-96. https://doi. org/10.30509/pccc.2024.167216.1255.
  51. Ozdemir H. An Environmentally friendly dyeing method for a sustainable world: investigation of mechanical and fastness performance of cotton/wool blend via dyeing with Cinnamon, Sustain. 2023; 15:14639. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914639.
Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings
Volume 19, Issue 4 - Serial Number 63
October 2026
Pages 401-415

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics