Sustainable Chemical-free Dyeing of Cotton-Polyester Blended (CVC) Fabric with Punica Granatum Extracts: A Green Approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Textile Engineering, Uttara University, Holding 77, Beribadh Road, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh

Abstract

Growing awareness of environmental sustainability has encouraged the search for biodegradable and eco-friendly alternatives in textile coloration. This study explores the potential of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract, a tannin-rich natural dye source for dyeing cotton, polyester, and blended fabrics. The dyeing was performed using the exhaust method at 90 °C for 60 minutes under controlled conditions. The colorimetric properties of the dyed samples were then evaluated in terms of color strength (K/S values) and color difference parameters, using a precision spectrophotometer to assess the shade depth and uniformity of coloration. The CVC fabric recorded the highest K/S value of 2.1 at 420 nm, reflecting a moderate shade depth. FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the molecular interactions occurring between the dye components of Punica granatum and the CVC fabric, providing insight into the bonding mechanisms involved. It confirmed interactions between dye molecules and the fabric, with the O–H stretching band shifting from 3293.82 to 3305 cm⁻¹, indicating hydrogen bond formation between phenolic groups of the dye and functional groups of the fiber. The dyed fabrics exhibited satisfactory color fastness properties when evaluated against washing, water exposure, light, perspiration, and rubbing. Color fastness tests showed encouraging results, with ratings of 4-5 for washing, perspiration, and dry rubbing, 4 for wet rubbing, and 4 for light exposure. These outcomes highlight the potential of pomegranate peel extract as a sustainable substitute for chemical-free dyeing of CVC fabric, combining acceptable shade depth, good fastness, and environmental compa-tibility.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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