Using Ultrasound and Cellulase Enzyme as a Clean and High-Efficiency Extraction Process for Rubia tinctorum L

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

This study introduces an alternative cleaner method to extract dyes existing in madder using ultrasound and cellulase enzyme. Also, in conjunction with the bio-mordants, wool dyeing was investigated as a cheap and environmentally benign alternative for inorganic mordants. In this respect, the optimum extraction condition achieved from the central composite design was 35 mL/L enzyme, 45 min, 30 % (v/v) alcohol in buffer solution (pH 7). The results indicated that dye extraction yield was 64 % in this method, while it was 55 % for the three-step ultrasound-assisted method and 48 % for the five-step classical method. Overall, a fast and efficient process has been proposed in this study for extracting dye from madder. The extracted dye was applied to the dye of mordanted wool yarns with walnut hulls, pomegranate peels, myrtus communis leaves, and amygdalus scoparia root as bio-mordants. Results revealed the extracted dye can dye wool yarns with good build-up and acceptable color fastness properties.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings
Volume 18, Issue 4 - Serial Number 59
October 2025
Pages 383-395

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