Study of Photodecomposition Rate Constant and Surface Morphology of PVC Films Embedded with Tin(IV) Complexes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, P.O. Box: 64021, Baghdad, Iraq

2 Department of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Science, Alkarkh University of Science, P.O. Box: 15551, Baghdad, Iraq

3 Polymer Research Unit, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, P.O. Box: 10052, Iraq

4 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, P.O. Box: 40450, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract

Polymers became Irreplaceable components that enter all industries due to their exceptional properties and low costs. As there are many polymers, the production quantities differ from one type to another depending on the offered characteristics; among them, Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) was widely used in many applications. However, it undergoes many harmful changes when exposed to ultraviolet light. This paper concentrates on calculating the photodecomposition rate constant and surface morphology of PVC films before and after filling Tin (IV) complexes (1-3) as photo stabilizers. The photodecomposition rate constant was determined to indicate Tin (IV) complexes' impact on PVC films after 300 h exposure to UV irradiation. The surface morphology of PVC films was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). However, the photodecomposition rate constant was calculated along with the irradiation time up to 300 hours for the plain and modified PVC films. According to the result, organotin compounds and Schiff bases were used as photo stabilizers. In this case, the photodegradation was significantly decreased.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. S. S. Shah, I. Ahmad, M. Ishaq, Degradation study of used polystyrene with UV irradiation, Adv. Mater. Sci., 2(2017), 1-6.
  2. D. Ghazi, E. Yousif, D. S. Ahmed, H. Thamer, R. Noaman, N.J. Hussien, R.M. Yusop, A.H. Jawad, Photo-Physical Studies of PVC Mixed with Organotin (IV) Complexes, Al-Nahrain J. Sci., 22(2019), 1-7.
  3. E. Yousif, Triorganotin (IV) complexes photo-stabilizers for rigid PVC against photodegradation, J. Taibah Uni. Sci., 7(2013), 79-87.
  4. A. L. Andrady, M. A. Neal, Applications and societal benefits of plastics, Philosoph. Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci., 364(2009), 1977-1984.
  5. K. Gedik, A. R. Eryaşar, Microplastic pollution profile of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected along the Turkish coasts, Chemosphere, 260(2020), 127570.
  6. D. Feldman, Polymer history, Des. Monom. Poly., 11(2008), 1-15.
  7. G. Wypych, PVC Formulary, 2nd ed., 2015.
  8. M. Iqbal, S. Ali, A. Haider, N. Khalid, Therapeutic properties of organotin complexes with reference to their structural and environmental features, Rev. Inorg. Chem., 37(2017), 51-70.
  9. H. Abbas, Photostabilization of Poly (Vinyl) Chloride by Bis (2-Amino Acetate Benzothiazole) Complexes (M. Sc. thesis), College of Science, Al Nahrain University, 2008.
  10. E. Yousif, J. Salimon, N. Salih, New stabilizers for polystyrene based on 2‐thioacetic acid benzothiazol complexes, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 125(2012), 1922-1927.
  11. E. Yousif, N. Salih, J. Salimon, Improvement of the photostabilization of PVC films in the presence of 2N‐salicylidene‐5‐(substituted)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 120(2011), 2207-2214.
  12. Rasheed, H. Mansoor, E. Yousif, A. Hameed, Y. Farina, A. Graisa, Photostabilizing of PVC films by 2-(aryl)-5-4-(aryloxy)-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds, Eur J Sci Res., 30(2009), 464-477.
  13. A. G. Hadi, E. Yousif, G. A. El-Hiti, D. S. Ahmed, K. Jawad, M. H. Alotaibi, H. Hashim, Long-term effect of ultraviolet irradiation on poly (vinyl chloride) films containing naproxen diorganotin (IV) complexes, Molecules, 24(2019), 2396.
  14. B. Salam, G. A. El-Hiti, M. Bufaroosha, D. S. Ahmed, A. Ahmed, M. H. Alotaibi, E. Yousif, Tin complexes containing an atenolol moiety as photostabilizers for poly (vinyl chloride), Polymers, 12(2020), 2923.
  15. A. Majeed, E. Yousif, G. A. El‐Hiti, D. S. Ahmed, A. A. Ahmed, Stabilization of Poly (vinyl chloride) containing captopril tin complexes against degradation upon exposure to ultraviolet light, J. Vinyl Add. Technol., 26(2020), 601-612.
  16. M. Kadhom, K. Kalash, M. Al-Furaiji, Performance of 2D MXene as an adsorbent for malachite green removal, Chemosphere, 23(2021), 133256.
  17. K. R. Kalash, M. H. Al-Furaiji, B. I. Waisi, R. A. Ali, Evaluation of adsorption performance of phenol using non-calcined Mobil composition of matter no. 41 particles, Desalin Water Treat., 198(2020), 232–240.
  18. B. Watheq, E. Yousif, M.H. Al-Mashhadani, A. Mohammed, D.S. Ahmed, M. Kadhom, A. H. Jawad, A surface morphological study, poly(vinyl chloride) photo-stabilizers utilizing iIbuprofen Tin complexes against ultraviolet radiation, Surfaces, 3(2020), 579-593.
  19. E. Yousif, Morphological and photodecomposition rate constant study of PVC films doped with sulfadiazine Tin(IV) complexes, Sci. Lett., 14(2020), 88-96.
  20. H. Kaczmarek, J. Kowalonek, Z. Klusek, S. Pierzgalski, S. Datta, Studies of photooxidative degradation of poly (vinyl chloride)/poly (ethylene oxide) blends, J. Poly. Sci. Part B: Poly. Phys., 42(2004), 585-602.
  21. H. Liu, L. Dong, H. Xie, L. Wan, Z. Liu, C. Xiong, Ultraviolet light aging properties of PVC/CaCO3 composites, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 127(2013), 2749-2756.
  22. S. H. Mohamed, A. S. Hameed, G. A. El-Hiti, D. S. Ahmed, M. Kadhom, M. A. Baashen, M. Bufaroosha, A. A. Ahmed, E. Yousif, A process for the synthesis and use of highly aromatic organosilanes as additives for poly(vinyl chloride) films, Processes, 9(2021), 741-756.
  23. A. Mohammed, G. A. El-Hiti, E. Yousif, A. A. Ahmed, D. S. Ahmed, M. H. Alotaibi, Protection of poly (vinyl chloride) films against photodegradation using various valsartan tin complexes, Polymers, 12(2020), 969.
  24. A. L. Andrady, N. D. Searle, Photodegradation of rigid PVC formulations. II. Spectral sensitivity to light‐induced yellowing by polychromatic light, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 37(1989), 2789-2802.
  25. S. Gaumet, J. L. Gardette, Photo-oxidation of poly (vinyl chloride): Part 2-A comparative study of the carbonylated products in photo-chemical and thermal oxidations, Poly. Degradation Stability, 33(1991), 17-34.
  26. D. S. Ahmed, M. Kadhom, A. G. Hadi, M. Bufaroosha, N. Salih, W. H. Al-Dahhan, E. Yousif, Tetra schiff bases as polyvinyl chloride thermal stabilizers, Chemistry, 3(2021), 288-295.
  27. A. Mohammed, M. Kadhom, Tin (IV) compounds as photo-stabilizers for irradiated surfaces of poly (vinyl chloride ) films, Surfaces, 4(2021), 279-292.
  28. W. Shi, J. Zhang, X. Shi, G. Jiang, Different photodegradation processes of PVC with different average degrees of polymerization, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 107(2008), 528-540.
Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings
Volume 15, Issue 4 - Serial Number 47
October 2022
Pages 319-326

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics