Recognition of Sequence of Print and Ink Strokes: Investigation the Effect of Handwriting Pressure, Hue of Ink, Printer and Paper Type

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Color Imaging, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Printing Science and Technology, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

By introducing of digital techniques, forensic document examiners has been encouraged to work with better accuracy in non-destructive ways. The aim of this study was to present a non-destructive, accessible, economic (affordable), user friendly, portable, useful and easy technique for specifying the order of crossing lines of ink stroke and printed text. The intersections of LaserJet and Inkjet prints in different colors and brands under various handwriting pressures and papers were examined with a digital microscope. The 2414 exemplars were prepared on two types of A4 papers. For the Inkjet printer, the sequence of printed text and ink stroke cannot be recognized. For LaserJet printer, the results showed the outcomes indicated using digital microscope is a good option in defining the sequence of pen-ink strokes in different colors and black toner in most examples. In the blue, black and red hues, the sequence of print and ink is recognizable in most cases. For green color, no specific results were observed.

Keywords

References

  1. B. Trzcinska, Classification of black powder toners on the basis of integrated analytical information provided by fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry, J. Forensic Sci., 51(2006), 919-924.
  2. R. Corzo, K. Subedi, T. Trejos, J. Almirall, Evaluation of the forensic utility of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for printing ink examinations, J. Forensic Sci., 61(2016), 725-734.
  3. Sh. Shang, N. Memon, X. Kong, Detecting documents forged by printing and copying,J. Adv. Signal Process., 140 (2014).
  4. R. Hofer, Dating of ballpoint pen ink, J. Forensi.c Sci., 49(2004), 1353-1357.
  5. C. S. Silva, M. F. Pimentel, R. S. Honorato, C. Pasquini, J. M. Prats-Montalban, A. Ferrer, Near infrared hyperspectral imaging for forensic analysis of document forgery, Royal Soc. Chem., 139(2014), 5176–5184.
  6. F. C. Shiver, Intersecting Lines: Documents. In: Jamieson A, Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science: Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2009.
  7. A. Braz, M. L. Lopez, C. G. Ruiz, Raman imaging for determining the sequence of blue pen ink crossings, Forensic Sci. Int., 249(2015), 92–100.
  8. B. Li, G. Ouyang, P. Zh, Preliminary study on determining the sequence of intersecting Lines by fluorescence technique, J. Forensic Sci, 2017.
  9. OP. Jasuja, AK. Singla, PK. Chattopadhyay, A simple method for determining the sequence of intersecting ball pen lines, J. Forensic Sci. Soc., 27(1987), 227-230.
  10. P. Aneja1, S. Mathur, MS. Dahiya, Determining sequence of strokes of green pen ink and blue seal, J. Forensic Sci Criminal Inves., 3(2017), 17-29.
  11. C. M. Moody, Black writing ink analysis by direct infusion electrospray mass spectroscopy, Master's thesis, the University of Central Florida, 2010.
  12. J. Mathyer, R. Pfister, The determination of sequence of crossing strokes by the Kromekote paper lifting process and by the scanning electron microscopic method, Forensic Sci. Int., 24(1984), 113–124.
  13. S. Kasas, A. Khanmy-Vital, G. Dietler, Examination of line crossings by atomic force microscopy, Forensic Sci. Int., 119(2001), 290–298.
  14. TY. Kang, J. Lee, BW. Park, Use of atomic force microscopy in the forensic application of chronological order of toners and stamping inks in questioned documents, Forensic Sci. Int., 261(2016), 26–32.
  15. K. Bojko, C. Roux, BJ. Reedy, An examination of the sequence of intersecting lines using attenuated total reflectance–fourier transform infrared spectral imaging, J. Forensic Sci., 53(2008), 1458-1467.
  16. T. J. Igoe, B.L. Reynolds, A lifting process for determining the writing sequence of two intersecting ball- point pen strokes, Forensic Sci. Int., 20(1982), 201-205.
  17. A. Menzyk, G. Zadora, M. Sajewicz, Physicochemical analysis of ink– dating and establishing the sequence of intersecting lines of ink entries, Problems Forensic Sci., 104(2015), 279–302.
  18. K. Saini, R. Kaur, N.C. Sood, A study for establishing the sequence of superimposed lines: Inkjet versus writing instruments, Forensic Sci. Int., 193(2009), 14–20.
  19. I. Montani, W. Mazzella, M. Guichard, R. Marquis, Examination of heterogeneous crossing sequences between toner and rollerball pen strokes by digital microscopy and 3-D laser profilometry, J. Forensic Sci., 57(2012), 997–1002.
  20. K. Saini, R. Kaur, NC. Sood, Determining the sequence of intersecting gel pen and laser printed strokes - A comparative study, Sci. Justice, 49(2009), 286–291.
  21. K. Saini, S.H. Kaur, Forensic examination of computer-manipulated documents using image processing techniques, Egyptian J. Forensic Sci., 6(2016), 317–322.
  22. N. Ozbek, A. Braz, LM. Lopez, CG. Ruiz, A study to visualize and determine the sequencing of intersecting ink lines, Forensic Sci. Int., 234(2014), 39-44.
  23. Y. Wang, B. Li, Determination of the sequence of intersecting lines from laser toner and seal ink by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray mapping, Sci. Justice, 52(2012), 112–118.
  24. A. K. Singla, O. P. Jasuja, J. Kaur, Determining the sequence of intersecting ball-pen lines and correctable carbon ribbon strokes, Forensic Sci. Int., 64(1994), 141-145.
  25. M. G. Planty, Determining the relative chronology of intersecting ball point pen lines and laser printed document marks: Linton godown revisited, Int. J. Forensic Doc Examiners, 3(1997), 31-34.
  26. M. Seitz, M. Reinhard, T.H. Andermann, Sequence of electro- photographic printing and ballpoint pen writing, Problems Forensic Sci., 47(2001), 387–390.
  27. V. N. Aginsky, Determining the sequence of non-intersecting media on documents: ballpoint pen ink and laser toner entries, In 49th Annual Conference of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners; 2001 Aug; Des Moines, Iowa.
  28. LA. Mohammed, Sequencing writing impressions and laser printing or inkjet printing using the ESDA, J American Society of Questioned Doc Examiners, (1998), 40-42.
  29. Y. Nakamura, N. Kutsuwada, Direct measurement of toner particle size, Ind. Appl. Soc. Annu. Meeting, 2(1989), 2239-2242.
  30. T. Map, Progress and Trends in Ink-jet Printing Technology, J. Imaging Sci. Technol., 42(1998), 49–62.
  31. M. Safi, F Mola, The effect of fluorescence in paper on color change of printed samples using a laboratory color printer, J. Color Sci. Tech. 9(2015), 159-167.
  32. SJ. Noronha, SZ. Basheer, MN. Vijay, A. Alnajjar, BK. Sharma, N. Singh, A comparative study of different printed documents to estimate the type of printer used, J. Forensic Res. Crime Stud., 2(2017), 1-7. 
Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings
Volume 12, Issue 4
November 2019
Pages 251-261

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics