Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213420120270601A Ratiometric Naphthalimide-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor via Excimer-Monomer Switching for the Sensitive Detection of Copper (II) Ions1128217310.30509/pccc.2026.167724.1473ENSh.RouhaniDepartment of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranJournal Article20251118A newly designed diaza-18-crown-6 ether featuring two fluorogenic 1,8-naphthalimide side arms has been developed. This synthesized fluorescent dye (BNDA) presented a dual OFF-ON / ON-OFF response arising from switching between monomer and excimer emissions in the presence of copper ions. The binding behavior of BNDA with Cu2+ was thoroughly examined using fluorescence spectroscopy. The binding constant of BNDA with Cu2+ was determined through the Benesi–Hildebrand plot, yielding values of 5.57 × 106 M−1, indicating selective and sensitive interactions. This probe exhibited exceptional selectivity for copper ions, with a notably low detection limit of 29 nM, as well as a wide linear range of 2.9×10-4 – 4 µM response. To ascertain its practical application, BNDA was successfully applied for determining copper ions in real environmental samples of tap water, black tea, and human hair. Its good reversibility, stable response, and wide pH of 4.2 to 7.5, along with a strong linear range, make it a promising candidate for sensitive detection of Cu2+.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82173_5bf76b11c6bd24af33e5fc3a3dd24483.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213420120270201Optimization of Color Stability in Graphene-based Hybrid Epoxy Coatings for Aerospace Applications Utilizing the Box–Behnken Design13278218410.30509/pccc.2026.167770.1496ENF. İ.ŞAHİNDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, P.O. Box: 34220, Istanbul, Türkiye0000-0001-7670-8871Y.OKUMUŞTUSAŞ-Türk Havacılık ve Uzay Sanayii, P.O. Box: 06980, Ankara, TürkiyeN.ACARALIDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, P.O. Box: 34220, Istanbul, TürkiyeJournal Article20260205The present study aimed to investigate the surface color properties of graphene-based hybrid epoxy coatings using the CIE Lab color space (L*, a*, b*), total color difference, and chromaticity coordinates, with multivariate optimization performed through a Box–Behnken experimental design. Within the four-factor, three-level design space, L values ranged from 17.09 to 71.55, a* values from -2.18 to +0.27, b* values from 0.65 to 2.96, and ΔE values from 2.39 to 47.13. The minimum color difference (ΔE = 2.39) was obtained for the formulation containing 0.5 wt. % graphene, 0 wt. % boron carbide, 1 wt. % zinc borate, and 1 wt. % organic fiber, relative to black reference coating used in military aircraft. Response surface models showed high predictive capability, with R² values of 0.9920, 0.9912, 0.9922, and 0.9492 for L*, a*, b*, and ΔE, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that graphene content was the most influential factor affecting all color responses, particularly ΔE, due to its strong light-absorbing effect, which reduced surface lightness and suppressed color difference. The chromaticity coordinates of the coatings were clustered within a narrow region of the diagram (x = 0.31-0.32, y = 0.33-0.34), while the correlated color temperature values were mainly in the range of 4550-5076 K. Overall, the results demonstrated that formulation control and ΔE minimization effectively improved color stability and camouflage compatibility in aerospace and defence coating applications, ensuring strong optical consistency.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82184_ae6caf056e5f2628cbe35d0eec0dc7aa.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213420120270201Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Using N-benzylidenethiophene-2-sulfonamide: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations29528218510.30509/pccc.2026.167764.1492ENH.H.Al-DooriAl-Karkh University of Science, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqA.F.MahmoodUniversity of Technology, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqA.JumahhUniversity of Technology, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqH.Saad AzeezUniversity of Technology, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqR. J.HalbosUniversity of Technology, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqA. A.AlamieryUniversity of Technology, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Science and Technology Parks, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, AUIQ, P.O. Box: 64001, Thi-Qar, IraqN. A.HussienDepartment of Science and Technology Parks, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, AUIQ, P.O. Box: 64001, Thi-Qar, IraqJournal Article20260203This research investigates the corrosion inhibition performance of a newly developed Schiff base compound, N-benzylidenethiophene-2-sulfonamide (NB2S), for protecting mild steel (MS) in a 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) environment. A comprehensive evaluation was carried out through various techniques, including weight loss (WL) analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and density functional theory (DFT). The mass loss findings indicated that NB2S’s inhibitory performance improved with concentration, achieving up to 95.86 % efficiency at 0.005 M after a 24-hour immersion. Impedance analysis showed an increase in charge-transfer resistance and a decrease in double-layer capacitance, reflecting strong surface adsorption. PDP measurements revealed that NB2S suppresses cathodic and anodic reactions, acting as a mixed-type inhibitor. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model, with thermodynamic parameters indicating a spontaneous, exothermic adsorption process. Computational DFT results aligned with experimental observations, highlighting a low energy gap (ΔE = 5.236 eV), high dipole moment, and electronic features conducive to strong interaction with the metal surface. Surface imaging by SEM further demonstrated formation of a protective barrier on the steel surface. https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82185_234110a357c9b87058245cd2b1542e3c.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213420120270201Effect of Dyeing Temperature and Dye Concentration on Color Characteristics and Fastness of Annatto-Dyed PET/Wool (55/45) Fabrics53698217710.30509/pccc.2026.167695.1459ENM.Kamali MoghaddamDepartment of Textile Engineering, University of Bonab, P.O. Box: 5551395133, Bonab, IranF.Shahmoradi GhahehDepartment of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, P.O. Box: 5756151818, Urmia, IranM.TehraniCarpet Group, Department of Art, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box: 5681188617, Shahrekord, IranJournal Article20251010<em>Polyester/wool blended fabrics (55:45), conventionally dyed with reactive and disperse dyes, present challenges related to toxicity and environmental sustainability. This study investigates an eco-friendly dyeing approach for PET/Wool fabrics using natural colorants extracted from annatto seeds. The fabrics were dyed at concentrations ranging from 1-30 % o.w.f. and at temperatures of 90, 110, and 130 °C for 30 minutes using the exhaust dyeing method. Colorimetric analysis showed that increasing dye concentration and temperature generally produced darker, more saturated shades, as reflected in decreasing L* values. Changes in color strength (K/S) indicated that maximum dye uptake occurred at 90 °C for low concentrations, while higher concentrations (15-30 %) exhibited superior absorption at 110 °C, with limited additional benefit at 130 °C. Fastness evaluation revealed that wash and rubbing fastness improved significantly at elevated temperatures due to enhanced dye penetration into both fiber components. Sublimation fastness similarly increased with temperature, indicating stronger dye–fiber interactions at 110 and 130 °C. Light fastness remained the principal limitation, with poor resistance across most conditions, showing only moderate improvement at low dye concentration (1 %) and the highest dyeing temperature. Overall, the findings highlight dyeing temperature as a critical factor in optimizing color depth and fastness performance in annatto-dyed PET/Wool blends. The study demonstrates the potential of annatto as a natural and environmentally benign alternative for producing moderately fast and aesthetically appealing shades on polyester–wool blended textiles.</em><br /><br /><br />Keywords: One bath dyeing, Annatto dye, Polyester-wool fabric, Color Fastness, Colorimetric Analysishttps://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82177_b2745c1c91f5a960425a24ac8da95a3a.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213420120270201Evaluating the New Pantone Matching System: Base Ink Reformulation, Color Measurement Misalignment, and Practical Limitations71828218610.30509/pccc.2026.167756.1490ENR.TelhanLight and Color Management Consultancy, Büyüksehir Mahallesi, Bahçeli Sokak 3, A16A Blok D17, Beylikdüzü, 34520, Istanbul, TurkiyeE.HagenInsights4print.ceo, Ten Eekhovelei 93, 2100 Deurne, BelgiumB. L.MyersDepartment of Packaging and Graphic Media Science, College of Engineering Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, United StatesB. N.AltayDepartment of Packaging and Graphic Media Science, College of Engineering Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, United StatesDepartment of Printing Technologies, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, TürkiyeJournal Article20260107Recent revisions to the Pantone Matching System (PMS), including the reduction of base inks from 18 to 11 and the transition toward subscription-based digital access, represent a fundamental shift in how spot colors are defined, communicated, and reproduced across the printing and packaging industries. This paper critically examines the technical, practical, and colorimetric implications of these changes, with particular emphasis on ink formulation transparency, reproducibility, and measurement consistency. Through comparative analysis of legacy and revised Pantone base inks, spatial mapping of color distributions in CIELAB space, and evaluation of published formulation data, several inconsistencies are identified, including redundant color clustering, ultra‑low formulation percentages that raise questions about realistic manufacturing tolerances, and identical L*a*b* values assigned to materially different ink mixtures. The study further highlights discrepancies arising from differing measurement conditions (M0, M1, M2) across platforms such as Pantone Connect, PantoneLIVE™, and ICC-based workflows, underscoring systemic misalignment in color definition protocols. While recent reforms aim to improve sustainability and streamline ink inventories, the findings suggest that these benefits are accompanied by reduced practical clarity for print buyers and manufacturers, particularly in common “number-based” spot color workflows. Open-access alternatives are discussed as potential pathways toward greater transparency, interoperability, and spectral robustness.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82186_36a52cbddebbbebb56c4a5e8cbc4b3e3.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213420120270201Green Coloration of Polyester Fabric through Auxiliary-Free Dyeing with Syzygium samarangense Leaf Extract83938219210.30509/pccc.2026.167777.1498ENMd. AnamulHaqueDepartment of Textile Engineering, Uttara University, P.O. Box: 1230, Dhaka, Bangladesh.Md. HanifMunshiDepartment of Textile Engineering, Uttara University, P.O. Box: 1230, Dhaka, Bangladesh.H.BaharDepartment of Textile Engineering, Uttara University, P.O. Box: 1230, Dhaka, Bangladesh.S.HossainDepartment of Textile Engineering, Uttara University, P.O. Box: 1230, Dhaka, Bangladesh.Journal Article20260221With the increasing demand for sustainable textile processing, plant-based colorants have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional synthetic dyes due to their renewable nature, biodegradability, and lower environmental impact. This study demonstrates auxiliary-free dyeing of 100 % polyester fabric using Syzygium samarangense leaf extract as a bio-based dye, achieving satisfactory coloration and fastness properties. The present study explores the dyeing potential of Syzygium samarangense leaf extract,a tannin-rich natural resource for the coloration of 100 % polyester fabric. The dyeing process was conducted using the exhaust method at 80, 90, and 100 °C for 60 minutes. The colorimetric evaluation revealed K/S values of 1.2, 1.3, and 1.1, indicating that dye uptake was most favorable at 90 °C. FTIR analysis confirmed that the Syzygium samarangense leaf extract adhered to the polyester surface through possible hydrogen bonding, enabling effective coloration even in the absence of auxiliaries. The dyed fabrics exhibited acceptable fastness properties to wash, light, pers-piration, and rubbing. The findings suggest that Syzygium samarangense leaf extract offers a promising, sustainable route for auxiliary-free dyeing of polyester fabrics, aligning with the global drive toward greener textile processing. https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82192_288141ee32b82d128afdc48a2f95499c.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213420120270201Preparation of a Hybrid Pigment by the Adsorption of Alizarin Red S dye on Mesoporous Silica for the Removal and Detection of Heavy Metals951108217810.30509/pccc.2026.167749.1484ENS.ChabokrowDepartment of Nanomaterials and Nanocoatings, Institute for Color Science and TechnologyK.GharanjigDepartment of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 16656118481, IranN.Yousefi-LimaeeDepartment of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranM.GhahariDepartment of Nanomaterials and Nanocoatings, Institute for Color Science and TechnologyJournal Article20251228Heavy metal contamination in aqueous media poses significant risks to environmental and human health. Effective removal of these contaminants from water sources is crucial to safeguard ecosystems, ensure safe drinking water, and prevent bioaccumulation in food chains. This study focused on the synthesis of a hybrid pigment by combining an organic and an inorganic component. The resulting pigments exhibited the capacity to absorb metal ions. Notably, for the first time, a Silica-Alizarin Red S hybrid pigment (SC-ARS) was developed using porous silica powder. This hybrid pigment was evaluated for its effectiveness in removing heavy metals, including lead (Pb(II)), copper (Cu(II)), and cadmium (Cd(II)), from aqueous media. The synthesis process comprised three key steps: The initial step involved synthesizing the mineral component using the Stöber method and characterizing its surface properties and morphology. The second step focused on functionalizing the material to develop the SC-ARS hybrid pigment and on optimizing the binding of Alizarin Red S to the silica substrate. Finally, a thorough investigation was conducted to identify the optimal conditions for Alizarin Red S adsorption. The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity was achieved at 298 K, pH 5, an initial dye concentration of 5 g/L, 0.04 g of adsorbent, and a contact time of 10 minutes. The SC-ARS pigment exhibited notable removal efficiencies for heavy metal ions, achieving 96 % removal for Cu(II), 84 % for Cd(II), and 99 % for Pb(II) from aqueous solutions, as confirmed by ICP analysis. This outcome emphasizes its potential as an effective adsorbent for environmental applications. The potential industrial applications of these hybrid materials include wastewater treatment, environmental remediation, water filtration systems, chemical manufacturing, coatings and paints, agricultural applications, and electronics and battery production.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82178_94069f01eefa73b044bdaf34e0a02f45.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213420120270201Effect of Temperature and Cathodic Disbondment on the Performance of FBE and Hybrid Epoxy Coatings in Sabkha Soil and Persian Gulf Environments1111258217410.30509/pccc.2026.167738.1479ENP.KardarDepartment of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran.R.AminiDepartment of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20251214Fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) and a commercial hybrid epoxy were evaluated for their barrier performance and damage tolerance in simulated Sabkha soil and Persian Gulf seawater environments at 23 and 36 °C. The study utilized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and adhesion testing to quantify coating degradation in intact, scratched, and cathodic disbondment (CD) scenarios. Results indicated a distinct performance trade-off: intact FBE exhibited superior primary barrier properties, maintaining a higher low-frequency impedance modulus (>1010 Ω cm²) and lower capacitance than the hybrid system, which is attributed to its tighter microstructure. However, under damaged conditions coupled with cathodic protection, the hybrid epoxy demonstrated superior defect tolerance. While the FBE coating showed increased susceptibility to oxide lift and alkaline-induced delamination, particularly in Persian Gulf seawater at 36 °C, the hybrid system effectively resisted interfacial degradation, maintaining a NACE rating of 2 in the same aggressive environment. Mechanical testing confirmed that both systems possessed excellent initial adhesion with pull-off strengths consistently exceeding 1000 psi and cohesive failure modes. The findings suggest that while FBE offers better initial isolation, the hybrid epoxy provides enhanced reliability in scenarios where mechanical damage and subsequent cathodic disbondment are the primary failure risks.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82174_767fe1ba3161f0021abdb611190ff9b0.pdf