Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213419420261001Multi-analytical Techniques for the Study of Historical Pigments in the Painted Ceilings of Sadr Jahromi’s House in Shiraz, Iran3753878215010.30509/pccc.2025.167593.1418END.HarandiDepartment of Conservation and Archaeometry, Faculty of Applied Arts, Tabriz Islamic Art University, P.O. Box: 15385-4567, Tabriz, Iran0000-0003-2455-7885M.YariDepartment of Archaeology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 141761-4411, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250709This study investigates the pigments and materials employed in the wooden ceiling paintings discovered beneath the mirrorwork decorations of Sadr Jahromi's house in Shiraz. Multi-analytical techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), optical microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were utilized to characterize the pigments and varnish. The analysis identified natural ultramarine blue, red lead, copper-based green (likely malachite), lead chromate, and white lead, either individually or in mixtures, within the painter's palette. Shellac was also used as a protective varnish for the painting. Moreover, SEM-EDX analysis revealed the presence of gold leaf applied beneath the paint layers. The findings suggest that the pigments used in these artworks date no earlier than the 19th century, reflecting the technical sophistication and artistic practices characteristic of the Qajar period.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82150_40b6b176ce40dc77896070d01507b6bc.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213419420261001Statistical Analysis of Levelness Parameter of CTAC Modified Cotton Knit Dyed with Fluorescent Pigment in Pad Batch Method3894008216010.30509/pccc.2025.167634.1434ENMst. T.AktekDepartment of Wet Process Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTEX), Tejgaon, Dahka-1208, BangladeshU. KhairFatemaDepartment of Environmental Science & Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTEX), Tejgaon, Dahka-1208, BangladeshMd. Z.UddinDepartment of Wet Process Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTEX), Tejgaon, Dahka-1208, BangladeshJournal Article20250817Dispersion stability and application method of fluorescent pigment have a great influence on the level dyeing of cotton fabric. Focusing on this, cotton knit fabric is cationized with Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (CTAC), and then dyed with fluorescent pigment in the pad batch method. Here, cationization was performed so that fluorescent pigment can be entrapped on it, which reduces their migration, thus providing dispersion stability to provide level dyeing. The effect of varying pretreatment conditions was investigated, and optimum conditions for cationization and pigmentation were established in terms of statistical parameters of K/S value, like standard deviation (S), relative standard deviation (Sr), levelness (L), and unlevelness (U) parameters to obtain an accurate numerical value of levelness of cellulose fabric dyed with fluorescent pigment. The results display at pH 9 and 54 g/L CTAC concentration, providing higher CTAC adsorption. Besides, FTIR spectrophotometry analysis of scoured, bleached, and CTAC adsorbed fabric is carried out to reveal adsorption chemistry. Furthermore, for characterization of samples, color fastness to water, wash, perspiration (acidic and alkaline), and rubbing (wet and dry) are performed. Although tensile strength has increased, a slight reduction in bursting strength and softness of the dyed fabric is observed. However, the main novelty of this research is the utilization of the cationizer named CTAC that is padded before fluorescent pigment applications. The outcomes of the statistical analysis of the levelness parameter also suggest that the greater efficacy of CTAC for level dyeing of fluorescent pigmented fabric can be used in fashion as well as functional purposes.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82160_30cd04f07f67af18a7f417adcd28389c.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213419420261001Simultaneous Dyeing and Functional Finishing of Linen Fabric with Cinnamon Bark Extract Using Chitosan as a Mordant4014158216510.30509/pccc.2026.167630.1435ENZ.AliDeptartment of Textile and Fibre Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, P.O. Box: 110016, New Delhi, India.P.KumarDeptartment of Textile and Fibre Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, P.O. Box: 110016, New Delhi, India.N.ShaiwaleDeptartment of Textile and Fibre Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, P.O. Box: 110016, New Delhi, India.J.SheikhDeptartment of Textile and Fibre Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, P.O. Box: 110016, New Delhi, India.Journal Article20250819The resurgence of environmentally friendly products, such as natural dyes, is inevitable in the textile industry. Significant advantages can be achieved through combined dyeing and multifunctional finishing with natural dyes. In this study, linen fabric was dyed with aqueous cinnamon bark extract (CBE), using chitosan as an eco-friendly mordant. Initially, linen fabric was treated with chitosan solution using the pad-dry-cure method, and this chitosan-mordanted fabric was dyed using the exhaust method at different levels % on the weight of fabric (% o.w.f.). After dyeing, colour and functional properties of the dyed linen, including colour strength, fastness properties, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, UV protection, and mosquito repellency, were evaluated. The dyed linen with superior properties in terms of wash fastness (4-5), mosquito repellency (>90 %), good UV protection (UPF up to 25), antibacterial activity against E. Coli (upto 92.5 %) and moderate antioxidant activity (upto 66 %) was obtained. Additionally, treated linen fabrics showed good light fastness (3-4). Cinnamon bark extract (CBE) containing cinnamaldehyde and other phenolic compounds was confirmed as a dye and finish for linen fabric. The interaction between cinnamon biomolecules and chitosan was confirmed using UV-Visible spectroscopy and other analytical techniques. The structure-property relationship of dyed linen responsible for colouration and functional properties, were discussed.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82165_6014157de6d371104bfc49e776531440.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213419420261001Effect of PDMS Anti-Blocking Agent in Water-Based Coatings on the Performance of Paper Substrates for Sustainable Packaging4174348217110.30509/pccc.2026.167649.1442ENM.MuryetiDepartment of Industrial Printing and Packaging Technology, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, P.O. Box: 16400, Depok, Indonesia.S.Nur HalisaDepartment of Industrial Printing and Packaging Technology, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, P.O. Box: 16400, Depok, Indonesia.Journal Article20250830Cellulose-based paper is widely used in sustainable food packaging; however, its inherent limitations in barrier and mechanical properties restrict broader application. This study investigates the role of poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as an anti-blocking agent in water-based coatings applied to ivory board, kraft paper, and machine-glazed (MG) paper. Three coating formulations were evaluated: a control without PDMS (STD), and formulations containing 0.2 g of PDMS (T-1) and 0.5 g of PDMS (T-2). Coating performance was assessed for blocking resistance, rheological stability, surface friction, coating integrity, barrier properties, and mechanical performance under different storage conditions. The results demonstrate that PDMS incorporation significantly improves anti-blocking behavior, reduces the coefficient of friction, and enhances mechanical durability without compromising water resistance. The formulation with higher PDMS content (T-2) exhibited the most balanced and stable performance during storage, showing improved surface uniformity, lower friction, and enhanced sealing and rub resistance. Substrate-dependent behavior was observed: smooth, dense papers favored uniform surface film formation, while porous substrates promoted coating penetration and mechanical interlocking. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing PDMS concentration and substrate selection to develop high-performance, eco-friendly paper-based coatings for sustainable packaging applications. https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82171_371f8cb1ea4350b14e103a8d4fb18a45.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213419420261001Multifunctional Epoxy Coatings with GA-Functionalized MWCNTs: Corrosion Resistance and Thermo-Mechanical Performance for Steel Protection4354558215210.30509/pccc.2025.167700.1462ENZ.Asadi SajedDepartment of Nanomaterials and Nanocoatings, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, IranM.RostamiDepartment of Nanomaterials and Nanocoatings, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, IranM.Ganjaee SariDepartment of Nanomaterials and Nanocoatings, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, IranB.RamezanzadehDepartment of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, IranM. S.GhorashiDepartment of Nanomaterials and Nanocoatings, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, IranJournal Article20251020Amine-functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH₂) were employed as nanocarriers for gallic acid (GA), a green corrosion inhibitor, to develop multifunctional epoxy nanocomposites for steel protection in saline environments. GA was effectively immobilized onto MWCNTs-NH₂ to attain both active corrosion inhibition and enhanced barrier performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization performed after 72 hours of immersion in saline solution indicated a ~91 % increase in total resistance and a ~ 47 % decrease in corrosion current density for the optimized MWCNT-NH₂/GA system compared to uninhibited samples. Epoxy coatings containing 0.15 wt. % of the synthesized nanocomposites demonstrated active protection in damaged regions, as confirmed by EIS and salt-spray testing. Following 24 hours of exposure to saline solution, the total resistance of the epoxy coating with 50 % GA loading increased by ~560% relative to the bare samples. Furthermore, the log|Z|10 mHz value, which serves as a suitable measure of self-healing ability in the scratched region, increased to ~4.8 kΩ.cm2. While it showed a notable decrease for uncoated epoxy, falling below 0.4 kΩ.cm2.These coatings also exhibited significantly improved adhesion under both dry and wet conditions. Adhesion loss for the epoxy coating containing the optimal 50 % GA loading was ~6 %. Notably, cathodic disbondment was reduced by 50 % and 42 % relative to neat epoxy and MWCNTs-NH₂-containing epoxy coatings, respectively, in the 50 % GA-loaded formulation. Furthermore, Thermo-mechanical analysis confirmed enhanced toughness reinforcement. Overall, the synergistic barrier effect of MWCNTs-NH₂ and the controlled release of gallate ions provide a promising strategy for durable, self-healing corrosion protection in harsh environments.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82152_475d28a18904d4f0a2179342e67d9382.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213419420261001Influence of Alkaline Pretreatment on the Reactive Dyeing Performance of Pineapple Leaf Fiber4574658216910.30509/pccc.2026.167702.1463ENM. MahediHasanDepartment of Apparel Engineering, Textile Engineering College, Begumganj, Noakhali, P.O. Box: 3831, BangladeshMd. R.RahmanDepartment of Wet Process Engineering, Textile Engineering College, Begumganj, Noakhali, P.O. Box: 3831, BangladeshA. NurUddinDepartment of Wet Process Engineering, Textile Engineering College, Begumganj, Noakhali, P.O. Box: 3831, BangladeshMd. A.HossainDepartment of Apparel Engineering, Textile Engineering College, Begumganj, Noakhali, P.O. Box: 3831, Bangladesh0009-0004-9861-1957A.SayedDepartment of Apparel Engineering, Textile Engineering College, Pabna, P.O. Box: 6600, BangladeshJournal Article20251022This study evaluates the influence of alkaline pretreatment on the reactive dyeing performance and color fastness behavior of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF). Raw PALF extracted from Ananas comosus leaves was chemically treated with NaOH at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7% (w/v). This pretreatment removes non-cellulosic constituents and enhances cellulose accessibility. Microscopic analysis confirmed a transformation from coarse, fragmented structures to more individualized fibrillar networks following alkalization. Reactive dyeing using Fucozol Red UCX, Fuco Blue FSR, and Fucozol Navy/Blue NBF was performed under controlled salt, alkali, and temperature conditions. Fastness properties, including rubbing, perspiration, water, washing, and artificial saliva, were assessed according to ISO 105-X12, BS EN ISO 105-E04, BS EN ISO 105-E01, BS EN ISO 105-C06, and GB/T 18886. Dyed PALF exhibited predominantly high fastness ratings (4-5), with only minor reductions in wet rubbing and staining on polyamide and cotton. pH analysis showed a shift from 7.4 to 7.0 after dyeing. It indicates effective neutralization and maintenance of skin-compatible conditions. Overall, alkaline pretreatment significantly improved PALF's morphological uniformity, dye uptake, and fastness stability, demonstrating its suitability as a sustainable textile fiber for coloration applications.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82169_7484af7fa92f04d087efeaa1807fb233.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213419420261001Novel Starch-Based Coatings to Improve the Surface, Mechanical, and Physical Performance of Recycled Paperboards for Packaging Applications4674838217610.30509/pccc.2026.167714.1467ENR.ShenoyManipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of higer Education, Manipal 576104, India0000-0002-2937-5258P.ShettyDepartment of Chemistry, Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Moodbidri-574225, Karnataka, IndiaJournal Article20251110This study developed and characterized three novel biodegradable coating formulations based on rice, wheat, and corn starches, blended with sorbitol, polyethene glycol, and carboxymethyl cellulose. These coatings were applied to recycled paperboard using a bar coater to improve its mechanical and barrier properties for packaging applications. Comprehensive evaluation revealed that the wheat starch-based coating yielded the most significant enhancements. The application of this coating increased the bursting strength of uncoated recycled paperboards by 42.42 % and edgewise compression strength (ECT) by 8.6 %, while reducing the Cobb value by 22.89 % and porosity by <br />10.28 %. Furthermore, it substantially improved barrier performance, reducing water vapor permeability (WVP) by 49.5 %, and enhanced optical properties, increasing brightness by 1% and reducing color difference by 4.3%. The superior color printability observed for wheat-starch-coated boards is attributed to combined improvements in surface properties and reduced porosity. Statistical validation via one-way ANOVA confirmed the significance of the results. Microscopic analysis (SEM and AFM) demonstrated improved surface evenness and smoothness for all coated samples. FTIR spectroscopy in the 960–1060 cm⁻¹ region showed a decrease in light transmittance after coating, with the wheat-based formulation showing the greatest reduction (from 55 % for uncoated paperboard to 41 %), indicating effective surface coverage and interaction. The findings confirm that these starch-based coatings, particularly the wheat starch formulation, are effective in improving the strength, barrier, and printability performance of recycled paperboards.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82176_3f6742f543fd06a9f8a88a09b4033839.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213419420261001Polyurethane-based Nanocomposite Film as Barrier Coating: Effect of Weight Content of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Surface Wettability, Moisture Permeability, Mechanical Durability, and Thermal Stability4855068215610.30509/pccc.2025.167696.1460ENN.KarimiChemical Engineering Department, Hamedan University of Technology, P.O. Box: 65155, Hamedan, Iran.A.BahramianChemical Engineering Department, Hamedan University of Technology, P.O. Box: 65155, Hamedan, Iran.0000-0002-4929-3460Journal Article20251011The surface wettability, moisture permeability, mechanical durability, and thermal stability of polyurethane (PU) and PU@TiO2 nanocomposite films at different weight contents of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were studied experimentally. An increase in the NPs wt. % led to an increase in the hydrophobic property, thermal stability and mechanical durability of the films. The water contact angle (WCA) increased from 94.7o to 98.9o with the films' surface roughness due to NP agglomeration. The curing temperature (Tc) influenced the films wettability at Tc ≤ 140 °C, while film surface segregation was observed at Tc > 160 °C. The WCA of pure PU increased from 93.4o to 107.1o with an increase in Tc from 60 to 200 oC, respectively. Moisture permeability improved with the incorporation of 5 wt. % NPs. Due to the more porous structure of the 7 wt.% sample, its water absorption rate was slightly higher than that of the 5 wt.% sample. The glass transition temperature and melting temperature of the 7 wt.% sample were 88.2 and 185.5 oC, respectively, while the enthalpy of fusion was determined to be 22.82 J/g. The tensile strength and elongation at the break of the films slightly decreased with an increase in the NPs wt. %. The kinetic model of water absorption indicated that the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) is highly influenced by the porous structure of the film. Deff decreased from 2.4×10-8 to 1.4×10-10 cm2.s-1 as the NP weight content increased from 3 to 7 wt.%, while the permeability coefficient (Peff) exhibited an increase from 3.2×10-11 to 8.0×10-11 mg.cm(Pa.s)-1. Additionally, relative humidity showed a greater effect on Deff than NP weight content, while the opposite was observed for Peff. https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82156_9abbc863b3b577b2206fc1b27efcb5b1.pdf