Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418420251001Editorial Board and Contents8214410.30509/pccc.2025.82144ENJournal Article20251021https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82144_5c54a8c32dfe4e9c5a6dfe61ce59908f.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418420251001Using Ultrasound and Cellulase Enzyme as a Clean and High-Efficiency Extraction Process for Rubia tinctorum L3833958205810.30509/pccc.2025.167412.1334ENH.GaminianDepartment of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranK.GharanjigDepartment of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranS. M.EtezadDepartment of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranM.Sadeghi-KiakhaniDepartment of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241104This study introduces an alternative cleaner method to extract dyes existing in madder using ultrasound and cellulase enzyme. Also, in conjunction with the bio-mordants, wool dyeing was investigated as a cheap and environmentally benign alternative for inorganic mordants. In this respect, the optimum extraction condition achieved from the central composite design was 35 mL/L enzyme, 45 min, 30 % (v/v) alcohol in buffer solution (pH 7). The results indicated that dye extraction yield was 64 % in this method, while it was 55 % for the three-step ultrasound-assisted method and 48 % for the five-step classical method. Overall, a fast and efficient process has been proposed in this study for extracting dye from madder. The extracted dye was applied to the dye of mordanted wool yarns with walnut hulls, pomegranate peels, myrtus communis leaves, and amygdalus scoparia root as bio-mordants. Results revealed the extracted dye can dye wool yarns with good build-up and acceptable color fastness properties.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82058_c7b09b6d897f20ffe847fcd9db30323d.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418420251001Corrosion Behavior and Characteristics of HA+CSZ Nano Bio Composite Coating Prepared by EPD3974088208210.30509/pccc.2025.167464.1361ENM. H.AbdulkareemProduction Engineering & Metallurgy Department, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 35010, Baghdad, Iraq.A.Dhahir SubhiProduction Engineering & Metallurgy Department, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 35010, Baghdad, Iraq.A. MMustafaProduction Engineering & Metallurgy Department, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 35010, Baghdad, Iraq.H.Ali HusseinProduction Engineering & Metallurgy Department, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 35010, Baghdad, Iraq.I.Adnan AnnonProduction Engineering & Metallurgy Department, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 35010, Baghdad, Iraq.A.Thamer MohammedProduction Engineering & Metallurgy Department, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 35010, Baghdad, Iraq.Journal Article20250204،his study successfully demonstrated the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of a biocomposite coating comprised of hydroxylapatite (HA) and calcia stabilized zirconia (CSZ) onto 316L stainless steel substrates. The research investigated the influence of varying CSZ concentrations (1-3 %) while maintaining a constant HA concentration of 3 g/L in the EPD solution, focusing on how these variations affected the coating’s overall characteristics. A combination of analytical techniques-including adhesion strength testing, cyclic polarization, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-was employed to thoroughly characterize the as-deposited coatings. The results revealed that the inclusion of CSZ significantly improved the coating’s properties. Coatings exhibited low porosity and high crystallinity, which contributed to enhanced electrochemical performance and robust adhesion to the substrate. Measured coating thicknesses increased from 9.26 μm at 1 % CSZ to 11.11 μm at 2 % CSZ, and further to 14.34 μm at 3 % CSZ. Additionally, the corrosion resistance of the coated samples was markedly improved with the incorporation of CSZ, accompanied by a decrease in the wettability angle and an increase in adhesion strength as the CSZ concentration was raised. These findings suggest that optimizing CSZ content in HA-based biocomposite coatings could be a promising strategy for enhancing the durability and performance of stainless steel implants. https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82082_c33196f62995885f0b6874a7f475c702.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418420251001Studying Different Solvent Systems on Extraction Performance of Pomegranate Peel Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 15% HCl Medium4094298208610.30509/pccc.2025.167460.1358ENI. H.Nejad KeivaniDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Guilan, P.O. Box: 41635-1914, Rasht, Iran.S.MohammadiDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Guilan, P.O. Box: 41635-1914, Rasht, Iran.Journal Article20250205Corrosion inhibition properties of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) extracted by water, water/ethanol and water/acetonitrile were investigated for carbon steel in 15 % HCl medium. According to the results of the total phenolic content (TPC) test, the highest TPC value was obtained in the extracted PPE with water-acetonitrile (1:2 V/V) compared to water and water-ethanol (1:2 V/V). The characterization of PPE was performed by TPC test, FT-IR and SEM/EDX. The corrosion protection efficiency was checked through weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization, absorption isotherm, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/L of the inhibitor were investigated that the best result was acquired at concentration of 2 g/L. The polarization data confirmed that the resulting inhibitor behaved as a mixed type inhibitor with a dominant cathodic effect. According to the EIS test, after 24 hours, the inhibitor efficiency at the optimal concentration was equal to 95 %. The SEM- EDX results confirmed the creation of a protective film on the metal surface. Also, in the presence of the green inhibitor, XRD showed no rust products on the steel substrate.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82086_9203b1e0ee4848c99e75dc3b5408264c.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418420251001Evaluation of Fire-Retardant Efficacy and Comfort Properties of Treated Polyester/Cotton and Polyester/Viscose Fabrics4314438208710.30509/pccc.2025.167452.1354ENF.AfkhamiDepartment of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, P.O. Box: 89195- 741, Yazd, IranM. S.AhmadiDepartment of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, P.O. Box: 89195- 741, Yazd, IranM.Khajeh MehriziDepartment of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, P.O. Box: 89195- 741, Yazd, IranJournal Article20250125This study evaluates the fire-retardant (FR) performance of polyester/ cotton (PC) and polyester/viscose (PV) fabrics treated with an alkyl phosphate ester-based FR agent at concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 g/l, followed by curing at 200 °C for 60 or 180 s. Untreated fabrics burned completely, whereas the FR treatment reduced flammability significantly, with char lengths of 2 cm (PC200C60t) and 0.4 cm (PV200C180t). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased to 22 % (PC) and 23 % (PV), confirming enhanced flame resistance. EDX and FTIR analyses confirmed successful FR deposition, showing increased phosphorus and nitrogen content alongside the formation of ester bonds (O-H, C=O, O-C-H). Bending stiffness rose by 29 % for PV200C180t, while wrinkle recovery improved by 27.9% (PC) and 23.3 % (PV). Air permeability decreased by 41.5 % (PC) and 59.5 % (PV), and water permeability (PDA) declined by 15.74 % (PC) and 35.61 % (PV). The treatment achieves an effective balance between flame resistance and wearability, demonstrating strong potential for protective textiles.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82087_b212431fb562ac8d84c5f7b52b8ae932.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418420251001Polyaniline-CdSe Quantum Dot Nanostructure: Characterization and Properties4454598206510.30509/pccc.2025.167441.1348ENA. M.ArabiDepartment of Inorganic Pigments and Glaze, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranB.Shirkavand HadavandDepartment of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250105This research focuses on the synthesis of cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs)-polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites. CdSe QDs were prepared by co-precipitation, and the polymerization process was carried out in the presence of QDs to form an entangled nanocomposite. Structural analysis of the sample revealed the formation of the main PANI peaks along with an amorphous QDs. Chemical analysis confirmed the successful polymerization of PANI and the formation of QD nanoparticles. The thermal behavior of PANI samples with and without QDs showed similar weight loss steps with less weight loss in the presence of PANI, indicating increased thermal stability of the nanocomposite. The microstructure of PANI showed an entangled, coil-like nanorod morphology. Due to this cross-linked structure and the polymerization process, QDs formed as amorphous particles with a uniform distribution within this ordered structure. Structural and microstructural studies emphasized the presence of NaCl impurity. The optical behavior of CdSe QDs synthesized at different temperatures from 70 to 100 °C showed that increasing the temperature shifts the emission to lower energy regions. The emission spectrum of the composite sample showed that the blue emission peak at around 420 nm is due to the π-π* electronic transition in polyaniline. With increasing the QD concentration to 10 % by weight relative to polyaniline, the formation of green emission spectrum of QDs due to the electronic transition between these two luminescent centers reduced its intensity. These results indicate that due to the proper entanglement, the obtained product can be a suitable candidate for electroluminescent applications.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82065_98e12b72d4e75b27af6a5bfeea558657.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418420251001Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Using 5-(3-Methylphenyl)-4-((4-Nitrobenzylidene)amino)-4H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thiol: Experimental and Theoretical Insights4614778208810.30509/pccc.2025.167462.1359ENZ. A.BettiTechnical Engineering College, Middle Technical University, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqH. H.Al-DooriAl-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqA. F.MahmoodOil and Gas Engineering Department, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqA. A.AlamieryAl-Ayen Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, AUIQ, An Nasiriyah, P.O. Box: 64004, Thi Qar, IraqJournal Article20250203This study investigates the corrosion inhibition performance of 5-(3-methylphenyl)-4-((4-nitrobenzylidene)amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (MNATT) for mild steel in 1 M HCl, using both experimental weight loss techniques and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Weight loss experiments were conducted at MNATT concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mM and immersion times between 1 and 48 hours. The highest inhibition efficiency of 88.6 % was observed at 0.5 mM after 5 hours of immersion. A temperature-dependent study conducted at 303-333 °K revealed a mild improvement in inhibition performance with rising temperature, indicating thermal stability of the adsorbed layer. Adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir isotherm, and the calculated standard free energy of adsorption ( = –14.33 kJ·mol⁻¹) confirmed that the adsorption mechanism is physisorption. Complementary DFT analysis showed a HOMO-LUMO energy gap (ΔE = 3.532 eV) and identified electron-rich active sites, supporting the molecule’s ability to interact with the metal surface. These findings demonstrate that MNATT is a promising, low-concentration, surface-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82088_be424897154199e3b31a28b72dd04106.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418420251001Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanocatalyst Via Hydrothermal Method for Photocatalytic Oxidation Process of Refinery Wastewater4794928209110.30509/pccc.2025.167484.1368ENL. T.HadiDepartment of ICT, AL-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, P.O. Box: 54001, Muthanna, IraqR. T.Al-khateebDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Muthanna, P.O. Box: 1550, Muthanna, IraqA. A.HassanMuthaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Muthanna, P.O. Box: 1550, Muthanna, Iraqnna/IraqiCollege of Engineering, Al Ayen University, P.O. Box: 64001, Nasiriyah, IraqJournal Article20250318The increasing environmental concerns due to industrial wastewater, particularly from refineries, necessitate the development of efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment methods. In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocatalysts were synthesized via a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal method for their application in the photocatalytic oxidation process to degrade organic contaminants in refinery wastewater. The hydrothermal synthesis conditions, including temperature, precursor concentration, and reaction time, were optimized to achieve high-quality ZnO nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic activity. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized ZnO were characterized using techniques such as X-ray XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, DRS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The organic removal reached 93.89 % and 91.28 % at best conditions of 9 pH, 0.25 Nano catalyst dose, and 120 min irradiation time of prepared nano zinc oxide and commercial titanium dioxide with UV light respectively. The aptitude of the catalyst dose to eliminate organic content was amplified after the addition of different amounts of agents. Usually, photocatalytic oxidation is meaningful through its high aptitude in the direction of oxide organic compounds in refinery wastewater.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82091_556646fbe319a70128c992a805d5c005.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418420251001Investigation of Printing Parameters on Dimensional Accuracy of Geometrically Complex Objects in FDM 3D Printing4935028209210.30509/pccc.2025.167470.1363ENZ.AhmadiPolymer Engineering Department, Qom University of Technology, P.O. Box: 1519-37195, Qom, IranM.NajafiPolymer Engineering Department, Qom University of Technology, P.O. Box: 1519-37195, Qom, IranA.NejadebrahimPolymer Engineering Department, Qom University of Technology, P.O. Box: 1519-37195, Qom, IranM.AtaeefardDepartment of Printing Science and Technology, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 32465-654, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250212This study examines the effects of seven key printing parameters—bed temperature, nozzle temperature, nozzle diameter, print speed, infill density, infill angle, and layer height—on the dimensional accuracy of geometrically complex parts, such as screws and nuts, fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Utilizing an L8 orthogonal array within a design of experiments (DOE) framework, the parameters were analyzed for their influence on both overall and detailed dimensional characteristics across length, width, and height axes. The results reveal that layer height, nozzle diameter, and bed temperature significantly impact dimensional accuracy, with interactions between factors playing a crucial role. The maximum observed variation was 4 % for screw diameters and 7 % for nut diameters. Findings highlight the importance of optimizing parameter interactions to enhance accuracy and the practical utility of Taguchi's methodology in reducing experimental complexity. This research provides valuable insights for improving the precision of 3D-printed components, particularly in applications requiring complex geometries.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82092_a99f81bedef92a5bdfa3f46ce241a2a2.pdf