Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418320250701Editorial Board and Contents82126ENJournal Article20250923https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82126_955f0b673189208f42d72ccbdc15196d.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418320250701Deep Fluorescence Solvatochromic Study of Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots: Polar Sensitive Nanoprobe Application2672788205210.30509/pccc.2024.167381.1320ENM.Kaviani DaraniDepartment of Organic Colorant, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P. O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran.Sh.RouhaniDepartment of Organic Colorant, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P. O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran.Z.RanjbarDepartment of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241028In this research, we synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon dots using three isomers of phenylenediamine (o-PDA, m-PDA, and p-PDA) as nitrogen sources and citric acid as the carbon source. We selected these isomers to study their effect on surface chemistry and optical characteristics. The carbon dots produced contain nitrogen, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups that interact with the environment and exhibit a change in emission based on the surroundings. Our team conducted an in-depth analysis of the fluorescence emissions exhibited by carbon dots. The study involved examining the behavior of these particles in solvents with varying degrees of polarity, ranging from weakly polar CHCl3 to strongly polar protic water and a binary mixture of H2O-Acetone. The results of the study provide valuable insights that could contribute to advancing our understanding of carbon dots properties. Interestingly, with increasing the water content of organic solvents, the carbon dots changed their fluorescence color from blue to green. We utilized the Lippert-Mataga plot to exhibit a direct correlation between polarity and carbon dots emission wavelength, which demonstrated a positive linear trend as the polarity was increased. The slope for the three isomers was ∆µ=38959, 42115, 2346.5 for O-CD, M-CD and P-CD, respectively. Our results confirm that the polarity of CDs in ground state is less than exited state (μg < μex). This study helps us understand the solvent-dependent behavior of nitrogen-doped carbon dots, particularly their solvent polarity characteristics. We also analyzed the optical properties of M-CD and found a linear response to the polarity and water content of the organic solvent, which suggests the possibility of M-CD as a humidity sensor for detecting water in organic solvents. https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82052_c1e8f9c0a4dd31821f0d96a8729b36f6.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418320250701Enhancing Photostability of PVC Films Using Phenolic Azanylylidene Compounds2792948204510.30509/pccc.2024.167346.1313ENS. H.MohamedDepartment of Chemistry, College of Basic Education, Tikrit University, Al-Shirqat, P.O. Box: 3400, Saladin, IraqM.KadhomDepartment of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Alkarkh University of Science, P.O. Box: 10081, Baghdad, IraqE. AYousifDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, P.O. Box: 10072, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20240722One of the biggest environmental issues with PVC polymer films is UV photodegradation. In this research, three azanylylidene compounds were prepared and filled as homogeneous and heterogeneous aromatic organic in 0.5 % concentration within the PVC to investigate their photodegradation effect on the polymer. Infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the chemical composition of antioxidant phenolic azanylylidene compounds. Concentrated UV radiation was applied to examine the PVC polymer films for 300 h, divided into 100 h intervals. To determine carbonyl, hydroxyl, and polyene group absorption coefficients, the PVC polymer films' infrared spectrum was measured before and after irradiation. The absorption coefficients of these groups decreased by adding those azanylylidene additives. Additionally, the weight loss of blank and embedded PVC films prior to and after irradiation was measured to assess photodegradation. Comparing with the unmodified PVC film, the modified ones showed less weight loss. SEM images showed that azanylylidene-modified PVC polymer films had significantly less surface damage than plain film, indicating improved stability. X-ray mapping was used to assess azanylylidene compound distribution in PVC polymer films; ratios of some elements were changed, indicating that the additives prevented photo-oxidative decomposition. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis is also applied to detect the elements of PVC film before and after irradiation. The viscosity and molecular weight of all polymeric sheets are measured. The plain polymer’s molecular weight decreased significantly with increasing irradiation time, while the modified polymer's molecular weight decreased less. The filled compounds worked as stabilizers that slowed PVC chain degradation.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82045_1c0985e56e9131654d5cb480b1b2713b.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418320250701Development of a Natural Surface Coating for Clay-Based Surfaces based on Historical Practices2953128205910.30509/pccc.2025.167422.1340ENR. M. K. M.RathnayakeDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, P.O. Box: 10400, Bandaranayake Mawatha, Moratuwa, Sri LankaM. S.MendisDepartment of Design Studies, Faculty of Engineering, NSBM Green University, P.O. Box: 1132, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri LankaH.GalabadaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Esoft Metro Campus, P.O. Box: 03, De Fonseka Place, Sri LankaR. U.HalwaturaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, P.O. Box: 10400, Bandaranayake Mawatha, Moratuwa, Sri LankaJournal Article20241125Clay has been one of the earliest and most versatile building materials, essential for bricks and as a binder for plaster on earthen walls. Despite advancements in surface coatings, there is limited research on coatings specifically for clay-based surfaces. This study addresses this gap by developing a novel clay coating inspired by ancient Sri Lankan techniques. Key ingredients include Pine gum, Haldummala (Shorea oblongifolia), Dorana (Dipterocarpus glandulosus) oil, and ethanol. Fifteen samples with varying Haldummala concentrations (2-10 g in 2 g increments) were tested. Sample 2, with 4 g/L of Haldummala, showed superior properties: a density of 0.9529 kg/L, 55.48 % solid content, 21 seconds viscosity, 10.48 % opacity, and 33.5 gloss units at 60 °. No peeling, cracking, or blistering occurred after 500 hours of artificial aging in QUV tests. Both natural and commercial coatings showed similar gloss reductions (9-12 %) but retained over 80 % of their initial gloss, demonstrating strong UV resistance. The natural coating also achieved a permissible VOC content of 3.5 lb/gal. The carbon footprint analysis revealed that the natural coating emitted 1210 kg CO₂-equivalent, 61.9 % lower than the 3180 kg CO₂-equivalent of its commercial counterpart. This significant reduction highlights its environmental sustainability. Overall, the new formulation proved to be a durable, eco-friendly, and effective coating for clay-based surfaces, offering a viable alternative to conventional options.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82059_f82d78263936954c553da67bc2e1f508.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418320250701Polyaniline and Its Role on Thermal Stability, Viscoelastic Behavior and Electrical Conductivity of UV Curable Epoxy Resin3133228205410.30509/pccc.2025.167399.1329ENM.AlizadehTechnical Faculty, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 11365-4435, Tehran, IranD.ZaareiTechnical Faculty, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 11365-4435, Tehran, IranM.EhsaniDepartment of Biomaterial, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box: 14975-112, Tehran, IranR.KhajaviTechnical Faculty, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 11365-4435, Tehran, IranB.Shirkavand HadavandDepartment of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241012Ultraviolet (UV) curing systems have garnered significant attention and scholarly focus due to their remarkable ability to facilitate rapid curing processes while simultaneously exhibiting low energy consumption characteristics, which are increasingly pertinent in contemporary manufacturing and environmental sustainability discussions. The aim of this study is investigating the multifaceted role that polyaniline in UV-curable epoxy acrylate coatings. Both polyaniline and epoxy acrylate resin were synthesized through established chemical processes and subsequently characterized using a range of analytical techniques. To assess the impact of polyaniline on the epoxy acrylate resin, varying percentages of polyaniline, specifically at concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 %, were systematically incorporated into the epoxy acrylate resin matrix to evaluate their effects on the resultant material properties. A detailed analysis of the morphological characteristics of the prepared nanocomposites revealed a well-distributed and appropriate dispersion of polyaniline particles throughout the polymer matrix, which is crucial for achieving optimal performance in the final product. Thermal stability of the sample containing 3 % polyaniline exhibited a remarkable enhancement, being twice as high when compared to the sample that contained only 1 % polyaniline, thus highlighting the significance of polyaniline concentration on thermal properties. Furthermore, it was observed that the electrical conductivity of the sample incorporating 3 % polyaniline experienced a substantial increase, quantified at an impressive factor of 4.25 times greater than that of the sample with a lower concentration of 1 %, underscoring the enhanced electrical performance attributable to the optimized incorporation of polyaniline within the epoxy acrylate matrix. https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82054_e2643d677fabd81f6541493064f52991.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418320250701Structural and Optical Properties of Doped Polystyrene Thin Films by (NiO, TiO2, ZnO, MgO) Nanoparticles3233418206810.30509/pccc.2025.167428.1344ENH. K.AL-RubaiawiChemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box: 14022, Baghdad, IraqA.Faisal AlwanPolymer Research Unit, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box: 14022, Baghdad, IraqA.Ayad HusainPolymer Research Unit, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box: 14022, Baghdad, IraqN.Muhamed IbrahimPolymer Research Unit, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box: 14022, Baghdad, IraqD.Abdul Kareem AliChemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box: 14022, Baghdad, IraqA.Tariq MahmoodPolymer Research Unit, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box: 14022, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20241207This study aims to fabricate polystyrene-based nanocomposite thin films with improved optical, dielectric, and photostability properties to address challenges in optoelectronic and photonic applications, especially in extreme environments. The casting process included the incorporation of doped nanoparticles, specifically ZnO, TiO₂, NiO, and MgO, into polystyrene. Thin films were produced with a consistent concentration of 5 g of polystyrene, incorporating 0.01 g of different nanomaterials. UV-Visible spectroscopy was employed to analyze the samples across a wavelength range of 200-1100 nm, assessing oscillator strength, optoelectronic properties, and optical characteristics. All nanocomposite films demonstrated enhanced reflectance and transmittance, alongside improved optoelectronic properties, such as high-frequency dielectric performance and effective mass. These films improve photostability in the presence of UV radiation and harsh environmental conditions, rendering them appropriate for undersea, aeronautical, and aerial transport applications. They also provide potential for UV radiation shielding and have applications in light-emitting diodes, laser sensors, memory devices, and light-harvesting systems.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82068_f3fd6586ab0c9035561adffef86b8a9a.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418320250701Prevention of TiO2 Crowding through Steric Hindrance by Silane Coupling in Organic Coatings3433618206910.30509/pccc.2025.167429.1345ENA.ÖdevChemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova Izmir – TürkiyeO.UzunkavakChemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova Izmir – TürkiyeJournal Article20241213This study aimed to reduce TiO2 crowding through steric hindrance by grafting 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) onto the pigment surface. This was achieved using various TiO2/MPS mass ratios in dispersion formulations and characterized by FTIR and TGA analyses. Characterizations revealed the most efficient grafting for the TiO2/MPS ratio of 100/10 (labeled TT3). An optimum particle size of 250-350 nm for opacity was obtained after 30 minutes of TT3 dispersion, resulting in the maximum number density of 47.45 % within this size range. The TT3 dispersion demonstrated high lightness and opacity, with minimal changes in surface properties compared to untreated and other MPS-grafted TiO2 dispersions, suggesting its advantageous use. The impact of pigment volume concentration (PVC) on pigment spacing was examined using topcoats with PVC levels of 7, 11, and 13 %, incorporating TT3 and untreated TiO2 dispersions. The lightness and opacity results indicated that lower PVC levels allowed wider spacing between pigment particles in dry films. Additionally, untreated TiO2 pigments exhibited increased crowding at equivalent PVC levels compared to the TT3 dispersion, while a rise in PVC did not diminish opacity or lightness in dry films with TT3, highlighting the even pigment distribution. Notably, dry films of the topcoats with TT3 or untreated pigment dispersions revealed that the TT3-containing topcoat at 30 µm for a given PVC exhibited almost identical properties to those of the topcoat containing untreated TiO2 dispersion at 55 µm. Thus, MPS grafting facilitated reduced pigment usage in paint formulations and lower paint consumption per unit area, decreasing volatile organic compound emissions.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82069_42433539f41690417b6fd48ab13ea25c.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418320250701Sustainable Wool Dyeing: Utilizing Syzygium Aromaticum (Clove Bud) Extract and Plant-Derived Mordants3633738207310.30509/pccc.2025.167426.1343ENM.TehraniDepartment of Art, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box: 5681188617, Shahrekord, Iran.T.Asadi FarsaniDepartment of Art, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box: 5681188617, Shahrekord, Iran.Journal Article20241130<em>Pollution from synthetic dyes and metallic mordants used in the dyeing industry is a significant environmental problem that poses risks to human, animal, and ecosystem health. This study investigates the dyeing of wool yarn using clove bud extract as a natural colorant and various bio-mordants (pomegranate rind, myrobalan, date kernel, oak bark, and pinecone) as eco-friendly alternatives to metal mordants. Colorimetric properties, including L*, a*, b*, C*, h°, color strength, wash, and light fastness, were evaluated for samples dyed using the pre-mordanting, simultaneous, and post-mordanting methods. The results showed that bio-mordants, especially myrobalan, gave comparable color strength and better light fastness than metal mordants (alum). While copper sulfate led to darker shades, it resulted in lower brightness and a greenish-brown hue. Bio-mordants, on the other hand, gave the dyed yarns a more reddish-yellow hue. The post-mordanting method generally produced the highest color strength, while the simultaneous method produced the lowest. The findings suggest that bio-mordants offer a promising alternative to metal mordants for dyeing wool yarn with clove bud extract, providing a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to textile dyeing.</em>https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82073_86d7f2708c0931b151ece5064cde7ac9.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213418320250701Dyeing of wool using conical prickles of Bombax Ceiba bark for imparting antioxidant and UV protection activities3753818208010.30509/pccc.2025.167473.1364END.MelkaDepartment of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box: 110016, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, IndiaA.SinghDepartment of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box: 110016, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, IndiaM.SainiDepartment of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box: 110016, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, IndiaJ.SheikhDepartment of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box: 110016, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, IndiaJournal Article20250223<em>The popularity of natural dyes is gradually increasing worldwide because of their sustainable and eco-friendly dyeing properties. The potential of natural dyes to replace synthetic dyes is expected to be explored by a new researchers. Bombax Ceiba is a tree widely known for medical purposes. The present work focuses on developing functional wool using natural dye obtained from conical prickles of Bombax Ceiba bark. The colouration of wool using conical prickles of Bombax Ceiba bark was done in a rota-dyer machine. Assessment of the fastness and functional properties of the dyed fabrics was performed. Mordants (aluminum ferric sulphate and chitosan) were utilised to dye the wool. Satisfactory fastness and good colouration properties were achieved by dyed fabric. More than 76 % antioxidant activity and excellent UV protection were acquired by the dyed fabrics. The dyed wool fabric confirmed K/S>1 and wash fastness ratings in the range “good” to “excellent”. Thus, the novel combinations of conical prickles of Bombax Ceiba bark and various mordants were explored for the functional colouration of wool fabric. </em>https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82080_d9fd42abfb27091d1cd73a68fae14806.pdf