Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213417420241001Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized on the Wool Yarns with Safflower Natural Dye: Colorimetric and Fastness Studies3253328197710.30509/pccc.2023.167172.1233ENM.Sadeghi-KiakhaniDepartment of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran.E.HashemiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, P.O. Box: 16785-163, Tehran, IranJournal Article20230724The research and development of green techniques for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with bioactive plants has gained more attention against toxic chemicals. In this research, the aqueous solution of safflower extract was utilized for the simple, green, and commercial synthesis of AgNPs from AgNO3 solution on the wool yarn. The effect of the amount of extract and AgNO3 on the properties of produced nanoparticles was studied. The analysis of AgNPs by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) system and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy exhibited that the particle size of produced NPs was <57 nm. In addition, the colorimetric data of wool yarn dyed with safflower extract in the presence of different concentrations of AgNO3 solution were also studied. The results showed that the presence of nanoparticles changed the color hue (hᵒ: 86→58), and the absorption of safflower extract on the wool samples increased from 5 to 29. Also, the ratings of washing and rubbing fastness of dyed samples were satisfactory (4-5).https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81977_9c8c39517a427c7583a4e73469e9fb0a.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213417420241001Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solution by 2-acetylpyrazine: Weight Loss and DFT Studies on Immersion Time and Temperature Effects3333508198410.30509/pccc.2024.167231.1261ENA.N.JasimDepartment of Materials Engineering, Diyala University, P.O. Box: 32001, Diyala, IraqA.MohammedDepartment of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqA. M.MustafaDepartment of Production Engineering and Metallurgy, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqF. F.SayyidDepartment of Production Engineering and Metallurgy, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqH. S.AljiboriCollege of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbalaa, P.O. Box: 56001, IraqW. K.Al-AzzawiDepartment of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, P.O. Box:10001, Baghdad, IraqA. A.Al-AmieryDepartment of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), P.O. Box: 43000, Selangor, MalaysiaEnergy and Renewable Technology Centre, University of Technology, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqE. A.YousifDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, P.O. Box: 10001, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20231126This study systematically explores the corrosion inhibition potential of 2-acetylpyrazine for mild steel in a hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution, employing a comprehensive approach that integrates experimental weight loss measurements and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Investigating inhibitory performance across varying immersion times, inhibitor concentrations, and temperatures, our research aims to elucidate the corrosion inhibition mechanism. Numerical findings highlight a substantial inhibitory efficiency of 92.7 % at an inhibitor concentration of 0.5 mM, an immersion time<br />of 5 hours, and a temperature of 303 K. Remarkably, the efficiency increases to <br />98.1 % after extending the immersion time to 48 hours at 303 K with the same inhibitor concentration. Furthermore, we demonstrate the temperature's impact on inhibition efficiency, reaching 97.3 % at 333 K with an immersion time of 5 hours and an inhibitor concentration of 0.5 mM. The Langmuir model, applied to adsorption isotherms, provides valuable insights into the adsorption behavior of 2-acetylpyrazine on mild steel surfaces. Additionally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) results indicate the formation of a protective film on the steel surface in the presence of the studied inhibitors. This combined experimental and computational approach not only enhances our comprehension of the corrosion inhibition mechanism but also emphasizes the practical viability of 2-acetylpyrazine as an effective and temperature-sensitive inhibitor in HCl environments. These findings contribute significantly to advancing corrosion mitigation strategies with potential implications for industrial applications.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81984_46d3178a63aa513b233080e7c870b43c.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213417420241001Cleaner Sustainable Route to Developer UV Protective and Colorful Wool Yarns: Natural Flavonoid-based Colorants from Millettia Laurentti Sawdust3513638200310.30509/pccc.2024.167264.1278ENS.SafapourKey Laboratory of Advanced Eco-Dyeing and Functional Finishing of Textiles, Faculty of Carpet, Tabriz Islamic Art University, P. O. BOX 51385-4567, Tabriz, IranM.ShabbirDepartment of Applied Sciences and Humanities (Chemistry), GL Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, UP, 201306, IndiaL .J.RatherCollege of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR ChinaM. A.AssiriDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia0000-0001-7605-9912Journal Article20240117Synthetic dyes have gained much of the textile dyeing market by offering various colors. Synthetic dyes have been a worry for the environment owing to their hazardous nature running in parallel. In recent decades, there has been a movement to substitute natural compounds due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biological advantages. This study investigated using Millettia Laurentii sawdust as a natural colorant source. Eco-friendly metal salts (aluminium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate) under ecologically permitted concentration levels and biomordants (tannic acid, pine bark, oak fruit hull, and eucalyptus leaves) were used to broaden the color range (CIEL*a*b*C*ho and K/S) with significant improvements in the fastness attributes (washing, rubbing, and light) and UV protection properties. Fastness results were found in the commercially acceptable range. All the metal salts provided enhanced color yields with a maximum performance by iron and the corresponding iron-biomordant combinations (iron/pine bark and iron/oak fruit hull). Among the biomordants, pine bark extract provided better performance and higher color depth (9.16) than other biomordants. The findings of this research work showed a significant influence of metal salts and biomordants in combination with Millettia Laurentii sawdust (supposed to be a waste) for enhancing the color characteristics and functional attributes of wool yarns.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82003_090a8e29c8a41c2ce469662f3c067941.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213417420241001Multivariate Model for Characterising Physical Dot Gain, Chroma and Lightness in Offset Lithography3653808200410.30509/pccc.2024.167249.1269ENM.MahajanDepartment of Printing Technology, School of Engineering, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, P.O. Box: 641108,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaA.ArulmozhiDepartment of Printing Technology, School of Engineering, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, P.O. Box: 641108,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaJournal Article20231224Bright print images help any product on the shelf stand out, attract the consumer, and add a unique value to the product. This research work is to empirically identify significant factors and optimize printing press parameters like press speed (x1: 5000, 7000, and 9000 sheets per hour), ink viscosity (x2: 15, 25, 35 Pa·s), and blanket rubber hardness (x3: 65, 70 and 75 shore A) to achieve prints with rich chroma yet with low dot gain in the lithography process, the most economical and widely used process today in the field of label and packaging industry. The parameters used during the printing process can affect the physical dot gain and the color of printed images. To study this, measurements were taken of the dot gain (y1) and color (measured in terms of lightness (y2) and chroma (y3)) at three different dot areas - highlight (25 %), middle tone (50 %), and shadow (75 %). Box-Behnken Design was used to test fifteen different print conditions. The second-order polynomial model's fit quality was good concerning the responses. The optimum printing machine conditions determined to minimize dot gain and lightness and maximize chroma were a press speed of 5000 sheets per hour, 30 Pa·s ink viscosity, and blanket rubber having 70 A shore hardness. The optimized values agreed with the predicted responses were acceptable, considering the right balance of minimum dot gain, higher chroma, and lower lightness to give the vibrant yet controlled halftone dot area in print production.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82004_67b324b455472e4ce2af6b315ed4093b.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213417420241001An Investigation into the Impact of Powder Types on Latex Dispersibility Index and Pigment Binding Capacity in Acrylic-Styrene Latexes3813918201010.30509/pccc.2024.167245.1266ENM.MohammadiDepartment of Polymer Engineering, Qom University of Technology, P.O. Box: 3718146645, Qom, IranA.NejadebrahimDepartment of Polymer Engineering, Qom University of Technology, P.O. Box: 3718146645, Qom, IranM.KhorasaniDepartment of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box: 159163-4311, Tehran, IranJournal Article20231216The present study aims to explore the impact of different types of powder on the latex dispersibility index and pigment binding capacity in Acrylic-Styrene latexes. The methodology employed in this study involves investigating the latex dispersibility index by monitoring the Brookfield viscosity of pre-wetted powder when added to latex. Furthermore, the pigment binding capacity of the powders was evaluated through the wet scrub resistance of the latex paint. The findings from this study emphasize the importance of the size, shape, hydrophobicity, and hydrophilicity of powders in influencing the dispersibility of latex. Additionally, the physical and chemical properties of the powder also influence the binding strength between the powder and latex in the dried film. The implications of this study are discussed in terms of the ability to predict the powder-latex dispersion behavior using the viscosity-latex content curve for each type of powder. The results revealed that the maximum viscosity for the latex mixtures containing talc powder and calcium carbonate occurs at the amount of latex lower than 5 g. In contrast, the mixtures with titanium dioxide powder reach their maximum viscosity in the presence of higher than 10 g latex. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the characteristics of powders and their impact on the latex dispersibility index and pigment binding capacity in Acrylic-Styrene-based latexes.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82010_2a43f7bd10bceba9045bbaacecf948e7.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213417420241001Interactive Evolutionary Color Assignment and Proportioning for Camouflage Design with K-Means and Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study of Nigeria’s Landscape3934058201210.30509/pccc.2024.167267.1279ENT.ObasekoreDepartment of Fashion Design, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of KoreaH.ObasekoreDepartment of Robot and Smart System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaB.Y.KangDepartment of Robot and Smart System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaJ.LeeDepartment of Fashion Design, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of KoreaJournal Article20240119Natural camouflage, seamlessly blending animals with their surroundings, remains challenging for artificial counterparts. Some animals exhibit near-permanent camouflaging, a product of decades of genetic evolution with their environment. At the same time, chameleons and octopuses achieve the ideal desired instantaneous camouflaging, unlike the heuristic-based approach of the artificial camouflage design. To attain similar perfection seen in animals, an evolutionary approach to artificial camouflage pattern development is necessary. Developing nations, primarily adopting the camouflage patterns of their more developed counterparts, may find themselves at a disadvantage. This study proposes a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based approach to aid designers in developing countries in crafting effective camouflage. By parameterising heuristic development as a procedural texturing problem and evolving colour assignments iteratively, this approach aims to emulate the evolutionary process seen in nature. Using the K-means algorithm, genes are initialised based on background image colours, exploring factorial combinations to achieve optimal camouflage. With a maximum of 100 iterations and interactive feedback, the method addresses Nigeria's specific case and offers a faster development solution than developed nations' approaches. This evolutionary approach could revolutionise artificial camouflage development worldwide.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82012_91d85cf1ed2a676a5834f45fc3129659.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213417420241001Cochineal Carmine Adsorbed on Layered Zinc Hydroxide Salt: Responsible for the Reddish-Pink Color of Cooked Hams Without Adding Curing Salts4074168201610.30509/pccc.2024.167262.1277ENC.CananDepartamento de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box: 85884-000, Medianeira, BrasilA. C. T.CursinoDepartamento de Química, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box: 85884-000, Medianeira, BrasilG. C.OngarattoDepartamento de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box: 85884-000, Medianeira, BrasilD. L.KalschneDepartamento de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box: 85884-000, Medianeira, Brasil0000-0002-8618-9363L. H.SilvaDepartamento de Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box: 85884-000, Medianeira, BrasilF. R.CardosoDepartamento de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box: 85884-000, Medianeira, BrasilJournal Article20240118Color is one of the main attributes used to select or reject meat products, with the characteristic reddish-pink color of cured meats being developed by adding nitrate salts, which are rejected by many consumers due to their harmful effects on health. This study aimed to apply a hybrid dye (ZHN-carmine) synthesized from layered zinc hydroxide salt (ZHN) to produce a reddish-pink color in sliced cooked ham and to evaluate color stability during storage. The ham samples were prepared with cochineal carmine and hybrid dye (ZHN-carmine), sliced, vacuum-packed, and non-vacuum-packed, and exposed to white fluorescent light (1100 LUX) (5 ± 1 °C). The instrumental color measurement was performed at 0, 1, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, and 15 day intervals. Distinction between the vacuum-packed ham samples and the non-vacuum-packed ham samples was possible based on a* value (red color intensity), which showed the importance of oxygen removal for red color stability. The reddish-pink color was more intense in the ham added with ZNH-carmine, and no color reduction was observed over the days, irrespective of it being vacuum-packed or not. Cochineal carmine adsorbed onto layered zinc hydroxide salt may be a potential replacement for curing salts regarding color formation in vacuum-packed or non-vacuum-packed cooked ham.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_82016_d2c2a89f16393ac265f58d06529dd7f9.pdfInstitute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213417420241001A Review of the Application of Organic Dyes Based on Naphthalimide in Optical and Electrical Devices4174338199310.30509/pccc.2024.167247.1267ENM.HosseinnezhadDepartment of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, IranInternational Scientific Studies and Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, P.O. Box: 33535111, Tehran, IranS.NasiriFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Street 56, Kaunas, LT 51373, LithuaniaV.NutalapatiFunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, IndiaK.GharanjigDepartment of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, IranA. M.ArabiDepartment of Inorganic Pigments and Glaze, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, IranJournal Article20231220The two technologies of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are emerging in the development of new sources of energy and lighting, respectively. The exceptional features of these technologies, including their color, insensitivity to temperature, and high response angle, have caused their attention and development. Organic compounds play a key role in these two technologies and cause the effective response and stability of the device, so high stability, longevity, and the possibility of simple application in the structure of the structure are of great importance. Molecular engineering and the application of various substitutions to the naphthalimide core can produce promising results for the preparation of stable organic materials with diversity in properties. In this review, naphthalimides are introduced as an effective core in the preparation of light- and electricity-sensitive dyes. Its application in two technologies, DSSCs and OLED, is explained, and the different components of these technologies are briefly introduced. One of the highest efficiencies reported for dye-sensitized solar cells based on naphthalimide as photosensitizers is 10.8 %. This sensitizer has alkyl and indoline groups. Different structures of arrangement of electron donor and electron acceptor groups will be investigated and the performance efficiency of these devices will also be investigated. Studies show that the amino group is an important substitution in the preparation of naphthalamide fluorescent dyes. The presence of this group will increase the efficiency of the amplifier by up to 10 %.https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81993_864a95268ebef9e8fbebbd0372eeec7a.pdf