ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Colloidal Nanosilica on Epoxy-based Nanocomposite Coatings
Epoxy-based nanocomposites were fabricated with different content of colloidal silica nanoparticles such as 10.0, 20.0 and 30.0 wt %, through solution casting. The covalent bonding interfaces, resulting from a ring-opening reaction between silica nanoparticles and epoxy matrix were confirmed by the Fourier transform (FT-IR) infrared spectroscopy. These nanocomposites were characterized for thermal stability, glass transition temperature and adhesive properties using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and cross-cut tape test. In addition, chemical resistance was assessed by immersing the films in different chemical solution (acid, alkali and salt solution) for 21 days. It was found that the properties of the nanocomposites were increased proportionally to the content of silica nanoparticles up to a certain amount of loading. After that the properties were decreased. The surface morphology of the nanocomposites was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that the silica nanoparticles distributed uniformly. In addition, the nanocomposites were studied on UV radiation absorption by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Excellent UV radiation was noticed by the nanocomposite films. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water contact angle (WCA) testing of the nanocomposite films was also impressive.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81542_f0916c2274d8e91ffedd1ef93d72ace5.pdf
2019-05-01
71
82
10.30509/pccc.2019.81542
Adhesives
barrier
blending
coating
composites
M.
Parimalam
muvin_1207@hotmail.com
1
Section of Chemical Engineering Technology, University of Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
AUTHOR
M. R.
Islam
remanraju@gmail.com
2
Section of Chemical Engineering Technology, University of Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Yunus
rmy@ump.edu.my
3
Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
N.M.
Rashidi
nasrizal@unikl.edu.my
4
Malaysia France Institute, Universiti of Kuala Lumpur, Bangi, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
T. Wan, J. Lin, X. Li, W. Xiao, Preparation of epoxy-silica-acrylate hybrid coatings, Polym. Bull., 59(2008), 749-758.
1
H. Behniafar, M. K. Nazemi, Effect of amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles on thermal and mechanical behaviors of DGEBA/IPD epoxy networks, Polym. Bull., 74(2017), 3739–3749.
2
M. R. Islam, M. D. H. Beg, S. S. Jamari, Dispersion of montmorillonite nanoclays and their effects on the thermomechanical, structural and drying properties of palm oil based coating, Prog. Org. Coat., 91(2016), 17-24.
3
M. R. Islam, A. N. Yahaya, N. Isa, Effects of zinc oxide on pretreated multiwalled‐carbon‐nanotube‐reinforced biobased polyesters, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 134(2017), 44627.
4
T. Nazir, A. Afzal, H. M. Siddiqi, S. Saeed, M. Dumon, The influence of temperature and interface strength on the microstructure and performance of sol–gel silica–epoxy nanocomposites, Polym. Bull., 67(2011), 1539-1544.
5
M. R. Islam, M. D. H. Beg, S. Shima, The effect of five different types of acid anhydrides and incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclays on thermosetting resins, Polym. Bull., 15(2015), 1-24.
6
M. R. Islam, M. D. H. Beg, S. Shima, Characterization of multi wall carbon nanotubes filled palm oil based polyalkyds: effects of loading and in situ reaction, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 133(2016), 42934.
7
F. Branda, F. Tescione, V. Ambrogi, D. Sannino, B. Silvestri, G. Luciani, A. Costantini, A new extra situ sol–gel route to silica/epoxy (DGEBA) nanocomposite. A DTA study of imidazole cure kinetic, Polym. Bull., 66(2011), 1289-1300.
8
J. W. Gang, H. J. Ming, L. Liang, Z. J. Qing, C. C. Nan, Improving the corrosion performance of epoxy coatings by chemical modification with silane monomers, Surf. Coat. Technol., 201(2007), 4789-4795.
9
J. L. V. Caselis, R. A. Serrano, E. R. Rosas, Preparation and characterization of epoxy-silica coatings using rhodamine 6G as dye, Mater. Res. Soc. Proc., 1613(2014), 45-51.
10
H. J. Hyuk, L. J. Woong, L. Byoungsang, C. H. Hun, L. Byungkwon, L. J. Heon, Chemical effects of organo-silanized SiO2 nanofillers on epoxy adhesives, J. Indus. Eng. Chem. 5(2017), 1-6.
11
G. Prashant, B. Madhu, Development of siliconized epoxy resins and their application as anticorrosive coatings, Adv. Che. Eng. Sci., 1(2011), 133-139.
12
Q. Min, M. S. Andrew, H. T. Xiu, T. Z. Xian, L. W. Sudesh, Two-part epoxy-siloxane hybrid corrosion protective coatings for carbon steel, Thin Solid Film, 517(2009), 5237-5242.
13
A. Allahverdi, E. Morteza, J. Hadi, A. Shervin, The effect of nanosilica on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of epoxy coating, Prog. Org. Coat., 75(2012), 543-548.
14
M. Paraimala, M. R. Islam, R. M. Yunus, Effects of nano- and micro-sized inorganic filers on the performance of epoxy hybrid nanocoatings, Polym. Polym. Compos., 27(2019), 82-91.
15
M. Paraimala, M. R. Islam, R. M. Yunus, Effects of nanosilica, zinc oxide, titatinum oxide on the performance of epoxy hybrid nanocoating in presence of rubber latex, Polym. Test., 70(2018), 197-207.
16
S. Xianming, A. N. Tuan, S. Zhiyong, L. Yajun, A. Recep, Effect of nanoparticles on the anticorrosion and mechanical properties of epoxy coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 204(2009), 237-245.
17
Derya, N. K. Apohan, G. Atilla, Preparation and characterization of UV-curable epoxy-silica nanocomposite coatings, Prog. Org. Coat., 65(2009), 477-483.
18
Z. Xiaohua, X. Weijian, X. Xinnian, Z. Zhenghun, Y. Rangi, Toughening of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin by nanosize silicon dioxide, Mater. Lett., 60(2006), 3319-3323.
19
S. R.Tijana, V. D. Jasna, B. J. Katarina, N. G. Branimir, S. M. Dejan, G. P. Ivanka, S. D. Enis, Important of epoxy resin properties by incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles surface modified with gallic acid esters, J. Mater. Design., 62(2014), 158-167.
20
V. Mittal, Effect of the presence of excess ammonium ions on the clay surface on permeation properties of epoxy nanocomposites, J. Mater. Sci., 43(2008), 4972-4978.
21
T. N. Chen, D. S. Wuu, C. C. Wu, C. C. Chiang, H. B. Lin, Y. P Cheri, R. H. Horng, Effect of plasma pretreatment on silicon nitride barrier films on polycarbonate substrate, Solid Films., 514(2006), 188-192.
22
N. I. Kim, H. M. Kang, T. H. Yoon, Study of heat of reaction between plasma-polymer-coated silica fillers and biphenyl epoxy resin, J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 18(2004), 1325-1338.
23
A. Sharif, A. P. Gupta, S. Eram, A. Manawwer, S. K. Pandey, Synthesis, characterization and development of high performance siloxane-modified epoxy paints, Prog. Org. Coat., 54(2005), 248-255.
24
C. E. C. Arola, S. Raffaella, F. Mariaenrica, Microgel modified UV-cured methacrylic-silica hybrid: Synthesis and characterization, Mater., 32(2013), 3805-3825.
25
B. Ehsan, J. Ali, R. Zhara, S. Sarah, S. M. Razep, Anti-corrosion hybrid coatings based on epoxy-silica nano-composites: Toward relationship between the morphology and EIS data, Prog. Org. Coat., 77(2014), 1169-1183.
26
W. C. Chang, H. S. L. Chung, Preparation of epoxy/silica and epoxy/titania hybrid resists via a sol-gel process for nanoimprint lithography, J. Physc. Chem. C., 114(2010), 2179-2183.
27
S. S. Pathak, A. Sharma, A. S. Khanna, Value addition to waterbone polyurethane resin by silicone modification for developing high performance coating on aluminium alloy, Prog. Org. Coat., 65(2009), 206-216.
28
R. Galina, L. Marianne, O. Eriksen, O. Gregersen, Surface chemical modification of microfibrillated cellulose: improvement of barrier properties for packaging application, Cellulos., 18(2011), 127-134.
29
Sungtack, I. H. Sung, R. C. Chul, P. Min, R. Soonho, K. Junkyung, Preparation and characterization of epoxy composites filled with functionalized nanosilica particles obtained via sol-gel process, Polymer, 42(2001), 879-887.
30
B. Ramezanzadeh, M. M. Attar, Characterization of the fracture behavior and viscoelastic properties of epoxy-polyamide coating reinforced with nanometer and micrometer sized ZnO particles, Prog. Org. Coat., 71(2011), 242-249.
31
T. Erjun, B. Feng, K. Andrew, E. Mohamed, L. Shaojie, Y. Miao, Z. Dishun, Fabrication of an epoxy graft poly(St-acrylate) composite latex and its functional properties as a steel coating, Prog. Org. Coat, 77(2014), 1854-1860.
32
S. Santanu, M. J. Thomas, Influence of filler loading on dielectric properties of epoxy-ZnO nano-composites, IEEE Transac. Elec. Insul., 6(2009), 531-542.
33
C. Chao, T. Yongjun, S. Y. Yun, X. Zhigang, X. Yang, X. Xiaolin, M. Y. Wing, High-performance epoxy/silica coated silver nanowire composites as underfill material for electronic packaging, Compos. Sci. Technol., 105(2014), 80-85.
34
T. H. Hsieh, A. J. Kinloch, K. Masania, J. S. Lee, A. C. Taylor, S. Sprenger, The toughness of epoxy polymers and fibre composites modified with rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles, J. Mater. Sci., 45(2010), 1193-1210.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Thickness and Number of Silver Layers in the Electrical and Optical Properties of ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Ag/ZnO ultra-Thin Films Deposited on the Glass for Low-Emissivity Applications
We report on transparent ZnO/Ag/ZnO and ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Ag/ZnO thin-films were deposited on the glass substrate by RF and DC sputtering for ZnO and Ag targets, respectively. The electrical and optical properties of the single and double Low Emissivity coatings were investigated with respect to the deposition time of Ag mid layer. The visible transmittance remains about 65% for single and 45% for double Low-E coatings as the Ag deposition time increases. Besides, the decrement of sheet resistance makes lower thermal emissivity of the coatings. In agreement with the optical performance, lower thermal emissivity can strongly increase NIR reflectance as the Ag layer thickness increases. The carrier concentration increases gradually as the sheet resistance decreases and the increase of the free carriers and conductivity of the coatings lead to a sharp rise of the NIR reflectance. The results show that the characteristics of Low-E coatings depend on both the continuity of the metal layer and the metal thickness.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81543_df5a75093f05c1f5fdd6a6ad383d68f4.pdf
2019-05-01
83
91
10.30509/pccc.2019.81543
ZnO
Ag
Low-E
Thermal emissivity
NIR reflectance
E.
Haratian Nezhad
haratian@gmail.com
1
Physics Department, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Haratizadeh
hamid.haratizadeh@gmail.com
2
Physics Department, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
B.
Mohammad Kari
kari.bhrc@gmail.com
3
Energy Department, Road, Housing & Urban Development Research Center, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. Berginski, J. Hupkes, M. Schulte, G. Schöpe, H. Stiebig, B. Rech, M. Wuttig, The effect of front ZnO:Al surface texture and optical transparency on efficient light trapping in silicon thin-film solar cells, J. Appl. Phys., 101(2007), 1–11.
1
D.R. Sahu, S.Y Lin, J-L Huang, ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer films for the application of a very low resistance transparent electrode, Appl Surf Sci., 252(2006), 7509–7514.
2
E. Fortunato, D. Brida, I. Ferreira, H. Aguas, P. Nunes, R. Martins, Production and characterization of large area flexible thin film position sensitive detectors, Thin Solid Films, 383(2001), 310–313.
3
F.Faupel, V. Zaporojtchenko, T. Strunskus, M. Elbahri, Metal-polymer nano composites for functional applications, Adv. Eng. Mat., 12(2010), 1177-1190.
4
M. Rycenga, C.M. Cobley, J. Zeng, W. Li, C.H. Moran, Q. Zhang, D. Qin, Y. Xia, Controlling the synthesis and assembly of silver nanostructures for plasmonic applications, Chem. Rev., 111(2011), 3669-3712.
5
J. Chen, G. Qin, J. Wang, J. Yu, B. Shen, S. Li, Y. Ren, L. Zuo, W. Shen, B. Das, One-step fabrication of sub-10-nm plasmonic nanogaps for reliable SERS sensing of microorganisms, Biosens. Bioelectron., 44(2013), 191-197.
6
S. Chu, J. Zhao, Z. Zuo, J. Kong, L. Li, J. Liu, Enhanced output power using MgZnO/ZnO/MgZnO double hetero structure in ZnO homo junction light emitting diode, J. Appl. Phys., 109(2011), 123110.
7
G .Leftheriotis, P. Yianoulis, Glazing and coatings, Patras, Greece, (2012).
8
F. H. Hart, Low emissivity coating on transparent substrate, (1984) Patent No.US4462883.
9
K.W. Harting, Neutral, high visible, durable Low-E glass coating system, (2000) Patent No.US6059909.
10
J.M. Lemmer, Coated article with Low e coating including tin oxide interlayer, (2005) Patent No. US2005/0191502 A1.
11
A. Dietrich, B. Disteldorf, P. Kokot, A. Tokarz,, Coated article with Low e coating having absorbing layers for low film side reflectance and low visible transmission, (2014) Patent No. US 2014/0071524 A1.
12
K. W. Hartig, S. L. Larson, P. J. Lingle, Dual silver layer Low-E glass coating system and insulating glass units made there from, (1996) Patent No. US 5557462 A.
13
G. Leftheriotis, P. Yianoulis, D. Patrikios, Deposition and optical properties of optimized ZnS/Ag/ZnS thin films for energy saving applications, Thin Solid Films, 306(1997), 92-98.
14
M. Wang, J. Ji, S. Luo, L. Jiang, J. Ma, X. Xie,Y. Ping, J. Ge, Sol-gel-derived ZnO/Cu/ZnO multilayer thin films and their optical and electrical properties, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., 51(2016), 55–59.
15
A. Dhar, T. L. Alford, Optimization of Nb2O5/Ag/ Nb2O5 multilayers as transparent composite electrode on flexible substrate with high figure of merit, J. Appl. Phys., 112(2012), 103113.
16
G. Haacke, New figure of merit for transparent conductors, J. Appl. Phys., 47(1976), 4086–4089.
17
P. K. Chiu, B. H. Liou, C. N. Hsiao, J. R. Yang, D. Chiang, W. H. Cho, C. T. Lee, Investigation on optical and electrical properties of ZnO sandwich structure with metal interlayer, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 53(2014), 05FF05.
18
J. H. Kim, H. K. Lee, J. Y. Na, S. K. Kim, Y. Z. Yoo, T. Y. Seong, Dependence of optical and electrical properties on Ag thickness in TiO2/Ag/TiO2 multilayer films for photovoltaic devices, Ceram. Int., 41(2015), 8059–8063.
19
D.R. Sahu, J.L. Huang, Development of ZnO-based transparent conductive coatings, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol Cells, 93(2009), 1923–1927.
20
D. R. Sahu, J. L. Huang, Design of ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer transparent conductive films, Mater, Sci. Eng. B:Adv., 130(2006), 295–299.
21
J. H. Kim, Y. J. Moon, S. K. Kim, Y. Z. Yoo, T.Y. Seong, Al-doped ZnO/Ag/Al-doped ZnO multilayer films with a high figure of merit, Ceram. Int., 41(2015), 14805-14810.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studying a New Infrared Reflective Polymer Coating
Although, that the solar energy is important for life continuity, there is need to protect large buildings from these radiations in summer and if the buildings are permitted to take these radiations, the cost of cooling will be too much. One of the most effective methods used to solve this problem is to coat buildings with specific pigments that reflect the solar infrared radiation. This work studies a new infrared reflective coating containing carotene pigment. UV-Vis spectroscopy results for the films with different concentrations of carotene pigment showed that the reflectance of IR spectrum reaches to 92% while the reflectance in the visible range (400-500 nm) was decreased to 42% by increasing the concentration. The FT-IR results showed the bonds of the Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and pigment, noted that the transmittance increased for PMMA and pigment almost 10% as compared with pure PMMA. The containing PMMA, indicating that the transmittance increased almost 10% for pigment-containing PMMA. The results confirmed that the prepared coatings could reflect UV-Vis spectrum. So, they can be used in the protecting the planet from this type of radiation.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81544_ec6112799933a774b826dd5bb1c94d4b.pdf
2019-05-01
93
99
10.30509/pccc.2019.81544
pigment
PMMA
reflectance
IR spectrum
carotene shield
A.
Al-kawaz
emadammar79@yahoo.com
1
Material Engineering, Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Industries, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Hadi
nizarjawad63@uobabylon.edu.iq
2
Material Engineering, Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Industries, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
AUTHOR
Z.
Al-husainy
zoz.za58@yahoo.com
3
Medical Physics Department, AL-Hila1 University, Babylon, Iraq
AUTHOR
H. Huang, M. Ng, Y. Wu, L. Kong, Solvothermal synthesis of Sb : SnO2 nanoparticles and IR shielding coating for smart window, Mater. Design, 88(2015), 384–389.
1
I. A. Hümmelgen, Oxide semiconductors for solar energy conversion-titanium dioxide, Solid State Electrochem., 16(2012), 2287-2293.
2
I. Šimon, H. O. Mcmahon, Study of the structure of quartz, cristobalite , and vitreous silica by reflection in infrared, J. Chem. Phys., 21(1953), 23–32.
3
C. C. Ahmed, M. Abdel-Ghan, Evaluation of selected greenhouse covers for use in regions with a hot climate, Jpn. J. Trop. Agr, 45(2001), 242–250.
4
S. Hoffmann, D. Waaijenberg, Tropical and subtropical greenhouses-a challenge for new plastic films, Proc. IS Trop. Subtrop. Greenhouses, 22(2002), 163–170.
5
E. S. Runkle, R. D. Heins, Environmental conditions under an experimental near infra-red reflecting greenhouse film, Proc. IS Trop. Subtrop. Greenhouses, 22(2002), 181–185.
6
G. P. A. I. Bot, Development of a greenhouse system for tropical lowland in indonesia, Proc. IS Greenhouses Environ. Controls In-house Mechanization, 32(2006), 135–142.
7
G. P. Sonneveld, Design of a solar greenhouse with energy delivery by the conversion of near infrared radiation - part 1 optics and PV-cells, Proc. IS Prot. Cult. Mild Winter Climate, 35(2009), 47–54.
8
G. Wu, D. Yu, Progress in organic coatings preparation and characterization of a new low infrared-emissivity coating based on modified aluminum, Prog. Org. Coat., 76(2013), 107–112.
9
H. Yu, G. Xu, X. Shen, X. Yan, C. Shao, C. Hu, Effects of size , shape and floatage of Cu particles on the low infrared emissivity coatings, Prog. Org. Coat., 66(2009), 161–166.
10
X. Yan, G. Xu, Influence of silane coupling agent on corrosion-resistant property in low infrared emissivity Cu / polyurethane coating, Prog. Org. Coat., 73(2012), 232–238.
11
I. Roppolo, N. Shahzad, A. Sacco, E. Tresso, M. Sangermano, Multifunctional NIR-reflective and self-cleaning UV-cured coating for solar cell applications based on cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, Prog. Org. Coat., 77(2014), 458–462.
12
D. Tokarz, R. Cisek, M. Garbaczewska, D. Sandkuijl, X. Qiu, B. Stewart, J. D. Levine, Carotenoid based bio-compatible labels for third harmonic generation microscopyw, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 14(2012), 10653–10661.
13
J. C. Leffingwell, A review on Boronia, Leffingwell Report, 2(2002), 1–6.
14
T. Protein, F. Edited, G. M. Hall, Buchbesprechungen/ book reviews, Nahrung, 41(1997), 55–61.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of PLA Printability with Flexography Ink: Comparison with Common Packaging Polymer
Today, the economic consumption of biodegradable polymers is of capital importance in many applications. One of the most commonly used biopolymers is polylactic acid (PLA). The printability of the biodegradable film has not been fully investigated. This work tested the printability of polylactic acid (PLA) films and compared the print qualities to common packaging films like low density polyethylene (LDPE), corona treated LDPE, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Solvent -based flexo ink was applied to test the printability of the films. The surface tension of films and densitometry of printed samples were evaluated. Also the inks adhesion to the substrate as an essential parameters that influence the quality of printed samples were measured. It has been found that the PLA can be successfully printed with flexographic solvent inks and could achieve similar quality to common packaging films.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81545_7e31d55f8903d544a7816ee1b86d220d.pdf
2019-05-01
101
105
10.30509/pccc.2019.81545
biodegradable films
flexographic printing
Print quality
polylactic acid
M.
Ataeefard
ataeefard-m@icrc.ac.ir
1
Department of Printing Science and Technology, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
J. Izdebska, S. Thomas, Printing on the polymer, fundamentals and applications, Amesterdam, Elsevier (2015), 218-220.
1
X. Rong, M. Keif, Study of PLA Printability with Flexography, TAGA Proceedings (2007).
2
R. Leaversuch, Materials: Renewable PLA polymer gets green light for packaging uses, Plastic Technology Online, (2002).
3
Plastics Europe. Plasticsd, The facts, (2015).
4
NatureWorks,: PLA film technical Bulletin: Printing and Laminating, http://www.natureworksllc.com/ upload/files/printing %20 and % 20l aminating.pdf.
5
Earthfirst a: http://www.earthfirstpla.com/a_dvd.htm
6
M. N. Karim, Sh. A. Froj, M. R.Stephen G. Yeates, C. Carr, Towards UV-curable inkjet printing of biodegradable poly (lacticacid) fabrics, J. Mater. Sci. 50(2015), 4576–4585.
7
I. Z. Żołek-Tryznowska, A.Świętoński, Correlation between plastic films properties and flexographic prints quality, J. Graphic Eng. Design, 6(2015), 2-8.
8
EN13432:2000 Packaging. Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation.Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging.
9
M. Ataeefard, S. Moradian, M. Mirabedini, M.Ebrahimi, S. Asiaban, Modification of surface properties of low density polyethylene by oxygen plasma treatment and corona, ISPST2007, Tehran, 23-25 October (2007).
10
M. Ataeefard, S. Sharifi, Antibacterial flexographic ink containing silver nanoparticles, Prog, Org. Coat. 77 (2014), 118- 123.
11
D. K. Owens, Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 13(1969), 1741-1747.
12
Test Method for Corona-Treated Polymer Films Using Water Contact Angle Measurements ASTM D5946.
13
Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System.
14
ASTM D3359 – 17 Standard Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test.
15
M. Rentzhog, A. Fogden, Print quality and resistance for water-based flexography on polymer-coated boards: dependence on ink formulation and substrate pretreatment, Prog. Org. Coat., 57(2006), 183–194.
16
A. V. Janorkar, A. T. Metters, D. E. Hirt, Modification of poly(lactic acid) films: enhanced wettability from surface-confined photografting and increased degradation rate due to an artifact of the photografting process, Macromolecules, 37(2004), 9151-9159.
17
M. Debeljak, D. Gregor-Svetec, R. Szentgyörgyvölgy, Printability of Synthetic Papers by Electrophotography, Acta Graphica, 22(2010), 3-4, 17-24.
18
J. Jacobson, Flexography Printing Performance of PLA film, J. Appl. Packag. Res., 3, 2(2009), 91-104.
19
I.Podsiadły, H. Podsiadło, influence of biodegradable solvent-based ink on the flexography print quality of composite film, Nova Science Publishers, Inc (2016).
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Add-on for High Throughput Screening in Material Discovery for Organic Electronics: “Tagging” Molecules to Address the Device Considerations
This work reflects the worth of intelligent modeling in controlling the nanostructure morphology in manufacturing organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. It suggests the idea of screening the pool of material design possibilities inspired by machine learning. To fulfill this goal, a set of experimental data on a BHJ solar cell with a donor structure of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DDP) and backbone of benzothiadiazole (BT) are fed into a home-written artificial neural network (ANN)/genetic algorithm (GA) hybrid code to optimize film-casting parameters. The annealing temperature, spin coating spin rate, and donor/acceptor ratio taken from available literature are applied to give the machine chance of learning trends in the power conversion efficiency (PCE). DPP-BT structures virtually born in the mind of machine are then screened for resemblance survey to receive a tag of desired characteristic. The results enable device manufacturers to identify the sensitivity of designed molecules to specific film casting conditions, while homologous structures may result in similar responses against design variables.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81547_70869e90e5997cfecd0d89f5006c3508.pdf
2019-05-01
107
120
10.30509/pccc.2019.81547
Organic electronics
Bulk heterojunction solar cell
Machine learning
Artificial intelligence
Molecule tagging
A.
Ashtiani Abdi
ashtiani-aa@icrc.ac.ir
1
Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Nourmohammadian
nour@icrc.ac.ir
2
Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Y.
Mohammadi
mohammadi@npc-rt.ir
3
Petrochemical Research and Technology Company (NPC-rt), National Petrochemical Company (NPC), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. R.
Saeb
saeb-mr@icrc.ac.ir
4
Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
N. J. Sheikh, D. F. Kocaoglu, L. Lutzenhiser, Social and political impacts of renewable energy: Literature review, Technological Forec. Social Change, 108(2016), 102-110.
1
W. Hoffmann, Photovoltaics as a Major Contributor to the Future Global Energy Needs and a 100% Renewably Powered World, in: Photovoltaics for Sustainable Electricity and Buildings, Springer, 2017, pp. 55-93.
2
A. J. Heeger, 25th Anniversary article: bulk heterojunction solar cells: understanding the mechanism of operation, Adv. Mater., 26(2014), 10-28.
3
Q. Wang, Y. Xie, F. Soltani-Kordshuli, M. Eslamian, Progress in emerging solution-processed thin film solar cells–Part I: polymer solar cells, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 56(2016), 347-361.
4
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Gmelina Seed Oil on the Synthesis of Alkyd Resins
The usage of edible oils for alkyd resin synthesis has lately been of great concern because they can alter the food chain. Research is on the forefront on the oils that are considerably available and do not compete with food sources. Thus, the viability of preparing alkyd resin from inedible, non-drying gmelina seed oil (GSO) was investigated. The physico-chemical properties (viscosity, iodine value, specific gravity, refractive index and acid value) of the GSO were determined and then, it was neutralized, epoxidized, hydroxylated and dehydrated. The fatty acid profiles of the raw oil were determined with GC-MS. The structure of raw GSO, chemically modified GSO and their alkyds were determined using FT-IR spectrometry. Medium GSO length modified alkyd resin was produced via a two stage alcoholysis-esterification method using glycerol, maleic and phthalic anhydride. GC-MS result confirmed that GSO is predominantly saturated, while the FT-IR result confirmed the desaturation and esterification of GSO. Using nano-ZnO pigment, a through dry time of about 8 hrs was obtained with GSO modified alkyd resin C. The alkyds C and D show excellent mechanical properties; H passed and 2H passed for scratch hardness test, good for adhesion test and passed for impact test. Further comparison revealed that Alkyds A and C showed robust resistant to varying chemical medium in comparison with standard alkyd resin.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81550_4822965a21db0fadd69d68f47262a320.pdf
2019-05-01
121
132
10.30509/pccc.2019.81550
Gmelina seed oil
Alkyd resin
chemical resistant
desaturation
GC-MS
Through dry time
C.F.
Uzoh
cf.uzoh@unizik.edu.ng
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
O.D.
Onukwuli
od.onukwuli@unizik.edu.ng
2
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
AUTHOR
A. C.
Nwabueze
nawbueze@yahoo.com
3
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
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