Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213414320210701Kinetic Study of Electrochemical Deposition of Nickel from Chloride Baths in the Presence of Saccharin1491608171010.30509/pccc.2021.81710ENB.Shayegh BoroujenyDepartment of Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran0000-0002-6014-7456N.ZaghianDepartment of Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranJournal Article20200213<em>Nickel is an essential engineering material and electrodeposited Ni has been widely used in many fields to improve surface finishing, corrosion resistance and wear properties. The kinetics of electrochemical deposition of nickel from chloride baths in the presence and absence of saccharin on the copper substrate was investigated by applying cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. Our results showed that the kinetics of electrochemical deposition of nickel on the copper substrate was under diffusion control. In addition, in the presence of saccharin, the cathodic current peak decreased and the cathodic potential shifted to the more negative potentials. Nucleation and growth mechanisms also changed from instantaneous to progressive. Characteristics of nanocrystalline nickel coatings were studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD patterns showed the decrease of grain size in the presence of saccharin. FESEM images showed that the microstructure is modified and the morphology changes from cauliflower like to spherical in the presence of saccharin.</em>Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213414320210701Effect of Three Operating Variables on Degradation of Direct Blue 199 by TiO2 Immobilized into a Polymer surface: Response Surface Methodology1611788171110.30509/pccc.2021.81711ENO.OunasLaboratory of Organic Synthesis, Extraction and Valorization, Department of Chemistry, Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, P.O. Box: 5366, Mâarif, Casablanca, MoroccoEnvironmental Engineering Laboratory, Hassania School of Public Works, P. O. Box: 8108, Oasis, Casablanca, Marocco0000-0003-0983-280XB.LekhlifEnvironmental Engineering Laboratory, Hassania School of Public Works, P. O. Box: 8108, Oasis, Casablanca, MaroccoJ.Jamal-EddineLaboratory of Organic Synthesis, Extraction and Valorization, Department of Chemistry, Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, P.O. Box: 5366, Mâarif, Casablanca, MoroccoJournal Article20200429<em>This work aims to study the photodegradation of Direct Blue 199 dye. The investigation was performed using titanium dioxide-based films immobilized on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer, by a promising low coast technique. The characterization of the films by X-ray diffractometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Visible transmittance, and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the deposition of 13.76% by mass of TiO<sub>2</sub> with excellent adhesion to the polymer surface. However, the evaluation of the influence of three parameters (pH, initial TiO<sub>2</sub> concentration, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration) on the efficiency of color removal in aqueous solution under UV irradiation on suspended semiconductors, have been performed using the response surface methodology based on experimental design. We therefore found the following optimum conditions: pH= 8, [TiO<sub>2</sub>] = 1369.29 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>, [H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>] = 40 mmol.L<sup>-1</sup> which led to a discoloration efficiency of 85 %. The results were then used to evaluate the performance of the prepared photocatalyst films, which showed a strong capacity to absorb the dye due to the appearance of pores relative to the preparation procedure, in addition to their catalytic effect. The kinetic of decolorization under optimum conditions was well fitted to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model</em><em>. </em>Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213414320210701The Influence of pH, Temperature and Time on Dyeing of Silk Fabric by Black Bean Anthocyanin-rich Extract as Colorant1791868171510.30509/pccc.2021.81715ENPh.PunyachareonnonDepartment of Textile Chemistry, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, ThailandV.DeerattrakulDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, ThailandK.LuepongDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok, ThailandJournal Article20200506<em>Anthocyanins are natural dye substances that provide attractive colors from red to blue. However, large quantities of Anthocyanins have been found in wastewater from soaked black beans, resulting in environmental pollution. The utilization of theses wastewaters would therefore be an effective way of reducing environmental pollution, and the water could be used to dye silk fabric, displaying a more sustainable use of resources. In this paper, the effects of pH, temperature and time for dyeing of silk fabric were investigated. It was found that the optimum dyeing conditions were pH 3 at 60 <sup>o</sup>C for 60 min to achieve the best colors and the most effective color fastness on silk. Moreover, Anthocyanins were the potential to reduce 80% gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. These results improved our understanding of dyeing conditions using Anthocyanins in the wastewater from soaked black beans, which plays an important role in reducing pollution, reducing costs and improving the quality of the related dyeing fabric families.</em>Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213414320210701Influence of the Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on the Passive Oxide Film of Al Alloy in Different Media1871978171210.30509/pccc.2021.81712ENM.MohammadiDepartment of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.M.Shahidi-ZandiChemistry Dept., Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, Kerman, Iran.0000-0003-1334-4040M.M.ForoughiDepartment of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.Journal Article20200528<em>This paper employs the electrochemical current noise (ECN) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques to better evaluate the dissolved O<sub>2 </sub>concentration on the passive oxide film of AA6162 Al alloy. The ECN measurements were done on the asymmetrical electrodes with different sizes (2-200 mm<sup>2</sup>) after 5 min from immersion in each of 0.4% NaCl, 0.4% NaCl + 0.1% NaNO<sub>2</sub> and 3.5% NaCl solutions containing different O<sub>2</sub> concentrations (5-25 ppm). EIS measurements were used to calculate the thickness of the passive oxide film. In dilute NaCl solution, the dissolved oxygen played an active role with an increase in oxygen concentration up to 15 ppm, while with further increase of oxygen concentration it acted as a passive factor to decrease the corrosion activity. W</em><em>ith increasing the concentration of oxygen from 5 to 25 ppm, in the concentrated NaCl solution, the oxide film thickness decreased as an evidence of the active role of the oxygen reduction reaction. The behavior of nitrite-containing NaCl solution was in accordance with the property of nitrite ion which assists the formation of the passive film according to the adsorption theory. </em>Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213414320210701Tri-functional Bio-friendly Cross-linker for UV-Curable Coatings: Synthesis and Study of Viscoelastic Properties1992078171310.30509/pccc.2021.81713ENA.MadhiDepartment of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-8143-5273B.Shirkavand HadavandDepartment of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-7809-7330Journal Article20200610<em>Protection of the environment and keeping it from contaminants are critical issues. Polymers and oil-based plastics are unrenewable and entail a wide range of environmental pollution due to the long degradation. This study aims to synthesize bio-based coatings using natural substances, and evaluate their viscoelastic properties. Accordingly, first, UV-curable tri-functional castor oil-based waterborne urethane acrylate as a bio-friendly cross-linker was synthesized. Next, different weight percentages of the synthesized cross-linker were added to the UV-curable urethane acrylate resin, followed by UV radiation exposure to prepare, different flexible composite coatings. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to examine the progress of the cross-linker synthesis. The particle size analysis confirmed the stability and homogeneous distribution of the cross-linker particles in the emulsion. By DMTA analysis, viscoelastic characteristics of the films were studied. As a result, adding specific weight percentages of cross-linkers to the polymer matrix caused an increase in storage modulus and improvement of T<sub>g</sub> of the coatings. The cross-link density of the film coatings was estimated from DMTA. The more weight percent of the cross-linker, the more is the cross-link density.</em>Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213414320210701A Detailed Examination of UV Radiation Effects on the Structural and Morphological Properties of Polyvinyl Butyral Films Containing Different Nanoparticles2092198171810.30509/pccc.2021.81718ENR. M.OmerDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, IraqE.YousifDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IraqE. T. B.Al-TikrityDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, IraqD. S.AhmedDepartment of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad, IraqA. A.AliDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IraqR. N.AbedDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering College, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20200729<em>Herein, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) films were synthesized using casting method and added to the PVB solution to make composites of PVB-nanoparticles were made via mixing 0.001 wt/wt % each time of each of the following metal nanoparticles (CuO, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, NiO, TiO<sub>2</sub> and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(NPs)) with PVB solution at room temperature. The PVB-NP composites as films were irradiated with UV light for prolonged period which demonstrated spectral, and weight-loss changes. Those changes were much more significant than that of the blank PVB films undergo under identical conditions. Incorporating surface morphology examination of the composites were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy x-ray dispersive (EDX) spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. Overall, findings revealed that PVB-(CuO, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, NiO, TiO<sub>2</sub> and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) NP composites showed a higher weight loss in compared to the PVB blank suggestive of higher photodegradation of the PVB-NP composites compared to the neat PVB film. A proposed photodegradation mechanism will be discussed. </em>Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings2008-213414320210701Hydrophilic and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2/SiO2 Nano-layers in Dry Weather2212328172110.30509/pccc.2021.81721ENM.Khajeh AminianDepartment of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0000-0003-2396-8092F.SajadiDepartment of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, IranM. R.MohammadizadehDepartment of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranS.FatahDepartment of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, IranDepartment of Physics, Garmian University, Kalar, KRG, IraqJournal Article20200726<em>This paper describes the changes in TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2 </sub>nanolayers properties induced by Ultraviolet- visible spectroscopy (UV) irradiation in terms of hydrophilicity/photocatalycity. The TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2 </sub>nano particles were synthesized by the sol-gel method and deposited on soda-lime glass by dip-coating. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the TiO<sub>2</sub> particles showed that the nano-particles were crystallized in anatase crystal structure with a crystallite size of ~12 nm. The morphology and surface roughness of TiO<sub>2 </sub>nanolayer were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. </em><em>The surface roughness (Ra) for TiO<sub>2</sub>/</em><em>Glass and TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> </em><em>was measured ~ 5 and 19 nm, respectively. The hardness of nanolayers on the glass was evaluated and </em><em>scratch thickness for 1000 g sinker was measured ~150 nm. The self-cleaning properties were tested in dry condition (RH<15%) under UV irradiation by evaluating the oleic acid photodegradation and monitoring the hydrophilic properties of the surface with a contact angle measurement. The result showed that contact angle of the layer decreases from 77 to 42</em><em>° after 25 h UV irradiation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy- Attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) showed the elimination of C=O bonds of oleic acid on the surface after UV light irradiation. Water droplet contact angle measurement on TiO<sub>2</sub> nano-layer exhibited a less hydrophilicity after UV irradiation and the contact angle changed from 15 to 40</em><em>°, which may be due to the low atmospheric humidity. Adding SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles increases roughness of the nano-layer, from</em><em> 5 to 19 nm, without a significant effect on the photodegradation rate of oleic acid. </em>