ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on the Reactivity of Hydroxyl Radicals in Wastewater Treatment by Advanced Oxidation Processes
The removal of dyes from wastewater, is one of the major environmental concerns due to their high color density, and they are toxic at even low concentrations. Adsorption process by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has been found to be a more effective method than classical methods for treating dye-containing wastewater. This research, is to investigate the decolorization abilities of azo dye in order to treat organic polluted wastewaters efficiently by AOPs. Various operational parameters such as pH, initial dye concentration and catalyst loading were investigated on the use of ZnO/W in the adsorption of Reactive Red 31 (RR 31) dye. The study also focused on the kinetic and thermodynamic investigation such as activation energy (Ea), standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG0), standard enthalpy (ΔH0), and standard entropy (ΔS0). The kinetics of adsorption of dye followed a pseudo-first order kinetic model. Further, thermodynamic study showed that the photocatalytic decolorization of this dye is an endothermic and spontaneous reaction. This study represents a success of thermodynamic for the application in environmental area. Additionally, cost analysis of the process was discussed. The treatment effectiveness was reported as the electrical energy consumed per unit volume (EEO) of waste-water treated required for 100% decolorization of the investigated compound.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81596_46040b7c3fbba910ecba315e527d014a.pdf
2020-02-01
1
10
10.30509/pccc.2020.81596
Reactive Red 31
Photocatalysis
Decolorization
Kinetic
Thermodynamic
A.
Shamsi Kasmaei
az_shamsi822@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. K.
Rofouei
rofouei@khu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. E.
Olya
olya-me@icrc.ac.ir
3
Department of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Ahmed
sahmed24@aol.com
4
Academic Advisor, Houston, Texas, USA
AUTHOR
N. Modirshahla, A. Hassani, M. A. Behnajady, R. Rahbarfam, Effect of operational parameters on decolorization of Acid Yellow 23 from wastewater by UV irradiation using ZnO and ZnO/SnO2 photocatalysts, Desalination., 271(2011), 187-192.
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S. M. Lam, J. C. Sin, A. Z. Abdullah, A. R. Mohamed, Degradation of wastewaters containing organic dyes photocatalysed by zinc oxide: a review, Desalination Water Treatment., 41(2012), 131-169.
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S. Hisaindee, M. A. Meetani, M. A. Rauf, Application of LC-MS to the analysis of advanced oxidation process (AOP) degradation of dye products and reaction mechanisms, Trends Anal. Chem., 49 (2013), 31-44.
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M. Stylidi, D. I. Kondarides and X. E. Verykios, Pathways of solar light-induced photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous TiO2 suspensions, Applied Catalysis B., 40(2003), 271-286.
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P. Bansal, D. Singh and D. Sud, Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye in aqueous TiO2 suspension: Reaction pathway and identification of intermediates products by LC/MS, Separation Purification Technol., 72 (2010), 357-365.
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I. K. Konstantinou, T. A. Albanis, TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution: kinetic and mechanistic investigations a review. Appl. Catal., B., 49 (2004), 1-4.
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U. Singh, R. K. Kaushal, Treatment of waste water with low cost adsorbent - a review. VSRD Int. J. Tech. Non-Technical Res., 4 (3) (2013), 33-42.
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21
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22
Y. A. Shaban, M. A. El Sayed, A. A. El Maradny, R. K. Al Farawati, M. I. Al Zobidi, Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in natural seawater using visible light active carbon modified (CM)-n-TiO2 nanoparticles under UV light and natural sunlight illuminations. Chemosphere., 91(2013), 307–313.
23
H. Nadaroglu, E. Kalkan, N. Celebi, Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on adsorption of Reactive Black 5 dye by Laccase modified- Red mud from aqueous solutions. Fresenius Environ. Bull., 23(2014), 70-83.
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25
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nickel Base Superalloy Rene®80 – The Effect of High Temperature Cyclic Oxidation on Platinum-Aluminide Coating Features
Nickel base superalloy alloys are used in the manufacture of gas turbine engine components, which in use are exposed to high temperatures and corrosive environments. The platinum aluminide coatings described here have been developed to protect nickel base superalloy alloys from oxidation. In this study, the effect of cyclic oxidation, platinum layer thickness and aluminizing process on behavior of Pt-Aluminide (Pt-Al) coating on nickel-based superalloy Rene®80 have been investigated. For this purpose, after applying different thicknesses of Pt-layer (2, 6 and 8µm), diffusion aluminide coating in two types, high temperature-low activity (HTLA) and low temperature-high activity (LTHA) methods was performed. The results of microstructural investigations by Scanning Electron Microscopy and the X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that coatings include three zones in all thicknesses of the platinum layer and in both methods of aluminizing. The results of cyclic oxidation (1100 °C and 120 cycles) test showed that Pt-Al in all conditions improved the oxidation resistance of Rene®80. The best oxidation resistance is related to the specimen coated with 6 µm Pt by LTHA method, whereas the lowest resistance was related to 2µm Pt in the case of HTLA method. The weight changes during cyclic oxidation of 6µm Pt (LTHA) and 2µm Pt (HTLA) coatings were 3.8 and 6 mg, respectively. Also, the parabolic oxidation rate constants of these coatings were calculated as 1.5*10-12 and 3.8*10-12, respectively.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81559_43cf705bdd9b43a5c8a77bb6673a8e40.pdf
2020-02-01
11
22
10.30509/pccc.2020.81559
Rene®80
Aluminizing
Platinum-Aluminide
Microstructure
Cyclic Oxidation
M.M.
Barjesteh
mmbarjesteh@yahoo.com
1
Metallic Materials Research Center, Malek Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S. M.i
Abbasi
sma.abbasi@yahoo.com
2
Metallic Materials Research Center, Malek Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
Zangeneh madar
zangenek@yahoo.com
3
Metallic Materials Research Center, Malek Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Shirvani
shirvani@irost.ir
4
Department of Advanced Materials and New Energies, Iranian Research organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. Lavella, Contact properties and wear behaviour of nickel based superalloy René 80, Metals, 159(2016), 1-15.
1
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4
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24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
γ-CD-Functionalized TiO2 Nanoparticles For the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes
In this work, an efficient photocatalyst based on gamma-cyclodextrin-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2/γ-CD NPs) was synthesized and used for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB). The results of FESEM, EDX, TEM, FT-IR, XRD and BET surface area measurement showed that the TiO2 NPs were effectively modified with γ-CD. The photocatalytic properties of the TiO2/γ-CD NPs were evaluated by the degradation of some organic dyes in aqueous solution under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. The experimental results confirmed that the TiO2/γ-CD had exhibited efficient photocatalytic activities higher than that of the pure TiO2 in the degradation of investigated dyes. The γ-CD could increase the lifetime of the excited states of the unreactive guests and facilitate electron transfer from the excited dye to TiO2 conduction band. The results indicated that the first-order kinetic model well describes the degradation of the dyes by TiO2/γ-CD NPs. the photocatalytic reaction rate constants for RhB, MO and MB dyes in the presence of TiO2/γ-CD NPs were 4, 5.6 and 4.2 times higher than that of pure TiO2, respectively. In addition, the TiO2/γ-CD NPs can be used for several times in real application as an effective photocatalyst.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81593_0d2784726201da905c13148228d45bce.pdf
2020-02-01
23
39
10.30509/pccc.2020.81593
TiO2/γ-CD NPs
Photocatalytic degradation
Gamma-cyclodextrin
TiO2 NPs
Surface-modification
F.
Shokoofehpoor
donyashokoofehpoor@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
S. H.
Mousavi
shom7@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Mohammadi
a_mohammadi@guilan.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. A.
Zanjanchi
zanjanchi@guilan.ac.ir
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
A. Mohammadi, P. Veisi, High adsorption performance of β-cyclodextrin-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the removal of organic dyes from water and industrial wastewater, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6(2018), 4634–4643.
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52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Drying Method Types on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato Extract Powder
The purpose of this study was to obtain the best anthocyanin pigment extract powder from 3 types of drying process, vacuum drying, spray drying, and freeze-drying. The duration and temperature for each type of drying process are 15 h with temperature of 40 oC, 2 h with temperature of 120 oC (inlet) and 60 oC (outlet), 24 h with temperature of -50 oC respectively. This research used the Randomized Block Design method consisting of three treatments with four replications. If there is a significant difference between treatments, the test is continued with the Duncan test. Three drying methods, namely: Treatment A = Vacuum Drying, Treatment B = Spray Drying, Treatment C = Freeze-drying. The Freeze-drying method produces the best characteristics with total anthocyanin 121.63 mg/100 g (DB), color intensity L* (brightness) 64.20, a* (redness) 65.60, b* (yellowness) 18, 52, water content 5.00%, hygroscopicity 12.87%, solubility 97.21%, dissolution time 151 seconds, pH level 2.93, yield 28.69%, and PSA 0.95 µm. Based on the experiment’s result, freeze-drying method was the most suitable parameter for physiochemistry characteristic. It has the highest amount of anthocyanin, the highest antioxidant activity, and the smallest amount of PSA (Particle Size Analyzer).
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81600_705b500544b32d31037b7736212aa411.pdf
2020-02-01
41
51
10.30509/pccc.2020.81600
Anthocyanin
Drying
Purple sweet potato
Physicochemical Characteristics
H.
Hariadi
raden_harie@yahoo.com
1
Department of Food Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, P.O. Box: 418, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Sunyoto
marleen.sunyoto@unpad.ac.id
2
Department of Food Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, P.O. Box: 418, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
B.
Nurhadi
bnhnur@gmail.com
3
Department of Food Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, P.O. Box: 418, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
A.
Karuniawan
agung.karuniawan@unpad.ac.id
4
Department of Food Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, P.O. Box: 418, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
R. Rukmana, Ubi jalar, budidaya dan pascapanen, Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 2009.
1
I.W. Jedeng., Pengaruh jenis dan dosis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb.) var. lokal ungu, Postgraduate’s Thesis, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, 2011.
2
J. H. Martin, W. H. Leonard, Principles of field crop production, The Mac Millan Company, London: National Open University of Nigeria, 1967, 1044.
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D. Juanda, B. Cahyono, Ubi jalar, budidaya dan analisis usaha tani, Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 2000.
4
Y. Gonnissen, J. P. Remon, C. Vervaet, Effect of maltodextrin and superdisintegrant in directly compressible powder mixtures prepared via co-spray drying, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm, 68(2008), 277–282.
5
J. B. Tama, K. Sri, F. M. Arie, Studi pembuatan bubuk pewarna alami dari daun suji (Pleomele Angustifolia Ne Br), kajian konsentrasi maltodekstrin dan MgCO3, J. Industria, 3(2014), 17-24.
6
S. P. Wulandari, Kajian Karakteristik Bubuk Pigmen Antosianin dari Ubi Jalar Ungu Kultivar Ayamurasaki dengan Metode Pengeringan Hampa Udara dan Pengeringan Semprot, Undergraduate thesis, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 2011.
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B. C. Wang, R. He, Z. Min Li, The stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from blueberry, J. Food Technol. Biotechnol., 48(2010), 42-49.
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H. Hariadi, Comparison of phytochemical characteristics pigmen extract (Anthocyanin) sweet purple potatoes powder (Ipomoea batatas L) and clitoria flower (Clitoria ternatea) as natural dye powder, J. Pharmacog. Phytochem., 7(2018), 3420-3429.
10
B. Nurhadi, R. Andoyo, M. Mahani, R. Indiarto, Pendekatan konsep suhu transisi gelas dalam mengeringkan madu menggunakan teknologi pengeringan vakum sederhana. laporan akhir hibah kompetitif penelitian strategis nasional, Ministry of National Education, Jakarta, 2010.
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J. P. Clark, Understanding drying, 2007 (2014 August 18), Available from: http//www.ift.org.
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Badan Standardisasi Nasional, SNI susu bubuk (01-2970-2006), Badan Standar Nasional, Jakarta, 2006.
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17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biotreatment of the Wastewater Containing Insoluble Pigment by Halomonas Strain Gb
Industrial dyeing processes produce a large amount of wastewater that contains many organic compounds such as different type of dyes and pigments, dispersing agents, surfactants which are difficult to treat. Considering that little studies have been done on biodegradation of oil-soluble azo dyes, the lake of this issue is completely felt. In this study, biotreatment of Toluidine Red (TR), an oil-soluble azo dye, was optimized under different environmental conditions. Halomonas strain Gb was capable of decolorizing TR at a pH range of 6.5-9.5 and temperature range of 25-40 °C. The optimum condition was 25 mg/L dye, pH=6.5, temperature 35 °C and 5% (w/v) NaCl. UV-Vis spectrophotometric method, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analyses confirmed that biodegradation of TR was accrued successfully. According to the results, Halomonas strain Gb can be recommended as practical bacteria for the treatment of industrial wastewaters containing azo dyes with different water solubility.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81594_aa6bf4fcac584df7a504dc8e69851091.pdf
2020-02-01
53
62
10.30509/pccc.2020.81594
Biotreatment
Dye
Halotolerant
Oil soluble
L.
Moharreri
leilamoharreri1@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Robat Karim Branch,Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Otadi
mm_otady@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Amiri
rahebeha@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Yeganeh majd
navidyeganemajd@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Y.T. Hung, L. K. Wang, N. K. Shammas, Handbook of Environment and Waste Management: Air and Water Pollution Control, World Scientific, Singapore, 2012, Volume 1.
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2
S. Singh, S. Chatterji, P.T. Nandini, A. S. A. Prasad, K.V.B. Rao, Biodegradation of azo dye Direct Orange 16 by Micrococcus luteus strain SSN2, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 12(2014), 2161–2168.
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R. P. Singh, P. K Singh., R. L. Singh, Role of azoreductases in Bacterial Decolorization of azo dyes, Curr. Trends Biomedical. Eng. Biosci, 9(2017), 88-96.
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S. Asad, M. A. Amoozegar, A. A. Pourbabaee, M. N. Sarbolouki, S. M. M. Dastgheib, Decolorization of textile azo dyes by newly isolated halophilic and halotolerant bacteria, Bioresour. Technol., 98(2007), 2082–2088.
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V. Yousefi, H. M. Kariminia, Statistical analysis for enzymatic decolorization of acid orange 7 by Coprinus cinereus peroxidase, Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 64(2010), 245-252.
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I. Mnif, S. Sameh Maktouf, R. Raouia Fendri, M. Mouna Kriaa, S. Semia Ellouze, D. Dhouha Ghribi, Improvement of methyl orange dye biotreatment by a novel isolated strain, Aeromonas veronii GRI, by SPB1 biosurfactant addition, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int, 23(2015), 1742-54.
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D. C. Kalyani, A. A. Telke, R. Dhanve, J. P. Jadhav, Ecofriendly biodegradation and detoxification of Reactive Red 2 textile dye by newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. SUK1, J. Hazard Mater., 163(2009), 735–742.
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M. C. Bheemaraddi, C. T. Shivannavar, S. M. Gaddad, Isolation and characterization of an azo dye Reactive Red 2 degrading bacteria from dye contaminated soil, Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci., 4(2013), 711-722.
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X. Meng, G. Liu, J. Zhou, Q.S. Fu, G. Wang, Azo dye decolorization by Shewanella aquimarina under saline conditions, Bioresour. Technol., 114(2012), 95-101.
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N. Sri Kumarani, G. Dharani, Decolorization of textile dyes by white rot fungi Phanerocheate crysosporium and Pleurotus sajor-caju, J Appl. Tech. Environ. Sanit, 1(2012), 361-370.
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A. Guadie, S. Tizazu, M. Melese, W. Guo, H. H. Ngo, S. Xiad, Biodecolorization of textile azo dye using Bacillus sp. strain CH12 isolated from alkaline lake, Biotechnol. Rep, 15(2017), 92-100.
20
A. Gürses, M. Açıkyıldız, K. Güneş, M. S. Gürses, Dyes Pigm., Springer, Singapore (2016), Volume 3.
21
H. Wang, J. Q. Su, X. W. Zheng, Y. Tian, X. J. Xiong, T. L. Zheng, Bacterial decolorization and degradation of the reactive dye Reactive Red180 by Citrobacter sp. CK3, Int. Biodeter. Biodegr, 63(2009), 395–399.
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H. Chen, H. Xu, T.M. Heinze, C. E. Cerniglia, Decolorization of water and oil-soluble azo dyes by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus fermentum, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 36(2009), 1459–1466
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cure Kinetic of Polyurethane/Fluorinated POSS Hybrid
One of the decisive factors in obtaining the desired properties in coatings is their complete curing, which necessitates the study of kinetics of curing. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the use of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) in coatings. Creating functional groups on POSS and using it in formulation can create new or improve the properties of coatings. In this study, the cure kinetics between hydroxyl functional acrylic resin, aliphatic polyisocyanate and fluorinated POSS with terminal hydroxyl group (F-POSS-OH) was studied using both the Malek and model-free isoconversional method (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissingere-Akahirae-Sunose) by DSC. The parameters of the cure kinetic equation for both systems were calculated and the effect of F-POSS-OH on the activation energy of polyurethane systems is investigated by free models. The results are shown that the m parameter in the cure kinetic equation for the coatings containing the F-POSS-OH increased, which indicates an increase in the autocatalytic effect of the curing system. Also, in the free model, the F-POSS-OH was reduced the activation energy of reaction.
https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_81589_45c426504892eff02d3fed4dc7dc6c66.pdf
2020-02-01
63
73
10.30509/pccc.2020.81589
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)
Fluorinated POSS
Polyurethane
Cure kinetic DSC
H.
Fakharizadeh Bafghi
hamed.fakharizadeh@gmail.com
1
Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Shirkavand Hadavand
shirkavand@icrc.ac.ir
2
Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Najafi
fnajafi@icrc.ac.ir
3
Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Ramezanzadeh
ramezanzadeh-bh@icrc.ac.ir
4
Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology,Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
J. Wu, T. Patrick, POSS polymers: Physical properties and biomaterials applications, J. Macromol. Sci., Polym. Rev., 49(2009), 25-63.
1
G. Li, L. Wang, H. Ni, C.U. Pittman Jr, Polyhedral oligomericsilsesquioxane (POSS) polymers and copolymers: A review, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym., 11(2001), 123-154.
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C. Marcolli, G. Calzaferri, Review mono substituted octasilasesquioxanes, Appl. Organometal. Chem., 13(1999), 213-226.
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L. V. Karabanova, L. A. Honcharova, N. V. Babkina, V. I. Sapsay, D. O. Klymchuk, POSS-containing nanocomposites based on polyurethane/poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate) polymer matrix: dynamic mechanical properties and morphology, Polym. Test., 69(2018), 556-562.
6
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24