@article { author = {Parvinzadeh, M.}, title = {Improving Colorant Absorption from Pistachio Hulls on Wool Fiber Using Protease Enzyme}, journal = {Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)}, issn = {2008-2134}, eissn = {2383-1790}, doi = {10.30509/pccc.2009.75747}, abstract = {Nowadays, textile processing based on biotechnology has gained its importance in the view of stringent environmental and industrial safety conditions. The use of protease enzymes in protein fibers to improve some physical and mechanical properties is particularly interesting. In this research, wool yarns were first treated with different concentrations of protease enzymes in aqueous solution including 1%, 2%, 4% and 6% o.w.f. for 60 minutes. The dyeing process was then applied on the treated yarns with pistachio hulls as a fruit waste. Some of physical, mechanical and colorimetric properties of the treated wool yarns were discussed. Tensile strength of the treated yarns was decreased due to the enzyme treatment and it continued to decrease with an increase in the enzyme concentration in solution. Lightness was decreased for the samples treated with enzymes. The wash and light fastness properties of samples were measured according to ISO 105-CO5 and Daylight ISO 105-BO1. The washing fastness properties of the treated samples were not changed. In the case of light fastness properties, it was increased a little for 4% and 6% enzyme treated samples}, keywords = {wool,Wool dyeing,Pistachio hulls,Enzyme,Fastness,Reflectance spectroscopy}, url = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75747.html}, eprint = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75747_8318380e695a7610f152617c0f1f3d52.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmadi Moghaddam, H.}, title = {Preparation of Ultra Dispersive Glasses for Designing Novel Coatings}, journal = {Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {7-21}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)}, issn = {2008-2134}, eissn = {2383-1790}, doi = {10.30509/pccc.2009.75753}, abstract = {In order to attain glasses with ultra dispersions properties, different heavy metal oxides were used. The desired glasses were obtained from the addition of high amounts of PbO and Bi2O3 to B2O3 based glasses. Refractive index measurements were carried out accurately at different wavelengths by the minimum angle of deviation in prisms method employing a spectrometer. Results indicated that, as the amount of Bi2O3 increased in the glass system, the measured dispersions deviated from the commercial glass trend to the higher levels, due to the presence of higher number of non-bridging oxygen bonds. Since the research is genuine, and along with it, many families of glasses have been tried elsewhere, it may require more studies to be done, till better and higher optical quality glasses are conquered. These glasses can be employed in designing and constructing novel coatings or glazes, in which the incident white light entering, the coating layer, refracts out broadly in different colors. Therefore, these glazes will appear in different colors, when are observed at different angles.}, keywords = {Ultra dispersions,Heavy metal oxide glasses,Refractive index,Molar refractivity,Molar volume and polarization}, url = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75753.html}, eprint = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75753_4a0b8dac78ce82f15797b95519716b23.pdf} } @article { author = {Ranjbar, Z. and Montazeri, Sh. and Jalili, M.}, title = {Optimization of a Waterborne Epoxy Coatings Formulation via Experimental Design}, journal = {Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {23-33}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)}, issn = {2008-2134}, eissn = {2383-1790}, doi = {10.30509/pccc.2009.75748}, abstract = {Waterborne Epoxy based coatings were prepared by using a water-borne epoxy resin and a suitable hardener. The formulation and optimization procedure were carried out on the bases of experimental designs by the mixture design technique in which the important paint properties are modeled by using special cubic model. The corrosion behavior of these coatings was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (AC impedance spectroscopy) for a period of 21 day exposure to a solution of 3.5 wt% NaCl in distilled water. Coating parameters such as the pore resistance and the coating capacitance were measured by ac impedance technique and considered as the response in the experimental design.}, keywords = {Waterborne,corrosion,AC impedance spectroscopy,Salt Spray,Epoxy Coating,Experimental Design,Mixture design}, url = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75748.html}, eprint = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75748_146e6b77651dac2a949cef926cd46c86.pdf} } @article { author = {Gharagozlou, M.}, title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Magnetic Pigment via Coordinated Precursors}, journal = {Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {35-43}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)}, issn = {2008-2134}, eissn = {2383-1790}, doi = {10.30509/pccc.2009.75749}, abstract = {Nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite as a magnetic black pigment was synthesized via coordinated precursors with a significant decrease of the synthesis temperature using citric acid as a coordinating agent. The structure and properties of the cobalt ferrite powder were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), colorimetric analysis (L*a*b* color parameters), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). In addition, the structural coordination and morphology of the precursors and cobalt ferrite powder were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Simultaneous thermal analysis (TG-DTG-DTA) was used to investigate the thermal decomposition of the coordinated precursor. FTIR spectra of the precursors indicated that carboxylate groups of citric acid coordinated to the metal ions to form the coordinated precursors. Diffraction patterns and FTIR spectrum confirmed the formation of a pure organic free single-phase spinel with a cubic system (Fd3m). The crystallite size was in the range of 18-22 nm using Scherrer equation. The SEM micrographs showed changes in the morphology of the precursors and in the sample in which the cobalt ferrite powder had almost spherical morphology. Colorimetric analysis using L*a*b* coordinates and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed nearly full light absorption in the 350-750 nm range which are in agreement with the black color of the cobalt ferrite pigment. Values of the saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetization (Mr) and magnetic coercivity (Hc) corresponding to the cobalt ferrite powder were: 67.72 emu/g, 32.54 emu/g and 1.8 kOe, respectively. They were lower than the bulk values because of the nanoscale of the powder.}, keywords = {Magnetic pigments,nanocrystalline,Cobalt ferrite,Coordinated precursors,Chemical synthesis}, url = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75749.html}, eprint = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75749_67c6fcf43f1b5bb2533ba59cb47c7e88.pdf} } @article { author = {Rasouli, S. and Jebeli, Sh. and Arabi, A.M.}, title = {Synthesis of Wurtzite Nano-crystalline ZnO-CoO Pigment by High Energy Milling}, journal = {Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {45-51}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)}, issn = {2008-2134}, eissn = {2383-1790}, doi = {10.30509/pccc.2009.75750}, abstract = {Zn0.9Co0.1O ceramic pigments were synthesized using simple high energy milling method. Zinc and cobalt oxides were used as starting materials. Products were investigated using simultaneous thermal analysis and fourier transformation infrared. Pigments were characterized using X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results showed the effect of calcination temperature on Co solubility and crystallite size. Nano-crystalline Zn0.9Co0.1O pure solid solution synthesized at different temperatures consist of 300-500 nm semispherical particles. Crystallite size of Zn0.9Co0.1O calcinated at 1000ºC was about 100 nm. A broad reflectance band around 540 nm (green region) for all powders indicating the appearance of deep green pigment was observed. Furthermore, elevation of calcination temperature caused the increase of color saturation.}, keywords = {Wurtzite,Green pigment,Zn,CoO,High Energy ball milling}, url = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75750.html}, eprint = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75750_3e29cb71ac8c477aebf7da23c3db3bc9.pdf} } @article { author = {Yousefi, A. A.}, title = {Phase-Destabilization Mechanism of Polymer-Modified Bitumens in Quiescent Annealing}, journal = {Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {53-59}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)}, issn = {2008-2134}, eissn = {2383-1790}, doi = {10.30509/pccc.2009.75751}, abstract = {Bitumen as a binder in coating and insulating materials is modified with polymers to improve its performance in service conditions. Almost all polymers are incompatible with bitumen, and at high temperatures due to relatively very low viscosity of the bitumen phase, are separated from it. These lead to a considerable limitation in the use and handling of polymer-modified bitumens. An understanding of the mechanisms of phase separation of these incompatible mixtures help to improve methods of transportation and handling of polymer-modified bitumens. According to direct observations of the behavior of polyethylene particles in medium of molten bitumen confirm the indirect conclusion already made by others, (coalescence based phase separation) and reject any possibility of occurring Ostwald ripening. This conclusion can also generalized to viscoelastic incompatible polymer blends.}, keywords = {Polymer,modified bitumen,phase,separation mechanism,Coalescence,Ostwald ripening,morphology}, url = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75751.html}, eprint = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75751_fb672a43792064f734c17d8937ec9667.pdf} } @article { author = {Noroozi-Pesyan, N. and Khalafy, J. and Malekpoor, Z.}, title = {Diazotization of Aniline Derivatives and Diazo Couplings in the Presence of p-Toluenesulfonic Acid by Grinding}, journal = {Progress in Color, Colorants and Coatings}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {61-70}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST)}, issn = {2008-2134}, eissn = {2383-1790}, doi = {10.30509/pccc.2009.75752}, abstract = {The solid–solid reactions of electron-donor compounds, such as: barbituric acid (1a), thiobarbituric acid (1b), 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid (1c), phenol (1d) and resorcinol (1e) with diazotized o-nitroaniline (3), m-nitroaniline (4) and p-nitroaniline (5) catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid (2) afford azo dyes by grinding in good yields. This new method totally avoids the use of inorganic acids, alkalies, toxic and/or expensive solvents in diazotization and diazo coupling reactions.}, keywords = {Azo Dyes,Solvent free,Grinding,P,Toluenesulfonic acid,Green chemistry}, url = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75752.html}, eprint = {https://pccc.icrc.ac.ir/article_75752_a2d9a1324343e3721ffd4509bbf4aabc.pdf} }